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We present a generalized linear structural causal model, coupled with a novel data-adaptive linear regularization, to recover causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from time series. By leveraging a recently developed stochastic monotone…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Song Wei , Yao Xie , Christopher S. Josef , Rishikesan Kamaleswaran

We develop terminology and methods for working with maximally oriented partially directed acyclic graphs (maximal PDAGs). Maximal PDAGs arise from imposing restrictions on a Markov equivalence class of directed acyclic graphs, or…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-06-20 Emilija Perković , Markus Kalisch , Maloes H. Maathuis

We develop a novel convolutional architecture tailored for learning from data defined over directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). DAGs can be used to model causal relationships among variables, but their nilpotent adjacency matrices pose unique…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Samuel Rey , Hamed Ajorlou , Gonzalo Mateos

Bayesian networks, with structure given by a directed acyclic graph (DAG), are a popular class of graphical models. However, learning Bayesian networks from discrete or categorical data is particularly challenging, due to the large…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-06 Jiaying Gu , Fei Fu , Qing Zhou

Directed acyclic graph (DAG) models have become widely studied and applied in statistics and machine learning -- indeed, their simplicity facilitates efficient procedures for learning and inference. Unfortunately, these models are not…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-20 Bryan Andrews , Gregory F. Cooper , Thomas S. Richardson , Peter Spirtes

Learning the directed acyclic graph (DAG) structure of a Bayesian network from observational data is a notoriously difficult problem for which many hardness results are known. In this paper we propose a provably polynomial-time algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Asish Ghoshal , Jean Honorio

In causal graphical models based on directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), directed paths represent causal pathways between the corresponding variables. The variable at the beginning of such a path is referred to as an ancestor of the variable at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Wenyu Chen , Mathias Drton , Ali Shojaie

In this paper, we tackle structure learning of Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs), with the idea of exploiting available prior knowledge of the domain at hand to guide the search of the best structure. In particular, we assume to know the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-19 Thi Kim Hue Nguyen , Monica Chiogna , Davide Risso , Erika Banzato

Identifying causal relations among multi-variate time series is one of the most important elements towards understanding the complex mechanisms underlying the dynamic system. It provides critical tools for forecasting, simulations and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Yang Sun , Yifan Xie

A major problem of causal inference is the arrangement of dependent nodes in a directed acyclic graph (DAG) with path coefficients and observed confounders. Path coefficients do not provide the units to measure the strength of information…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-09-17 Pramod Kumar Parida , Tshilidzi Marwala , Snehashish Chakraverty

We give a category-theoretic treatment of causal models that formalizes the syntax for causal reasoning over a directed acyclic graph (DAG) by associating a free Markov category with the DAG in a canonical way. This framework enables us to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Yimu Yin , Jiji Zhang

We consider the problem of jointly estimating multiple related directed acyclic graph (DAG) models based on high-dimensional data from each graph. This problem is motivated by the task of learning gene regulatory networks based on gene…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-30 Yuhao Wang , Santiago Segarra , Caroline Uhler

Complex stochastic models represented by directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are increasingly employed to synthesise multiple, imperfect and disparate sources of evidence, to estimate quantities that are difficult to measure directly. The…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-10-03 Anne M. Presanis , David Ohlssen , David J. Spiegelhalter , Daniela De Angelis

Principled reasoning about the identifiability of causal effects from non-experimental data is an important application of graphical causal models. This paper focuses on effects that are identifiable by covariate adjustment, a commonly used…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-01-25 Benito van der Zander , Maciej Liśkiewicz , Johannes Textor

We make the case for incorporating a notion of time into causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). We demonstrate that nontemporal causal DAGs are ambiguous and obstruct justification of the acyclicity assumption. Assuming that causes precede…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-22 Alexander G. Reisach , Alberto Suárez , Sebastian Weichwald , Antoine Chambaz

Causal discovery is a fundamental problem with applications spanning various areas in science and engineering. It is well understood that solely using observational data, one can only orient the causal graph up to its Markov equivalence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Zihan Zhou , Muhammad Qasim Elahi , Murat Kocaoglu

Decomposable graphical models, also known as perfect DAG models, play a fundamental role in standard approaches to probabilistic inference via graph representations in modern machine learning and statistics. However, such models are limited…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-14 Eliana Duarte , Liam Solus

Causal discovery amounts to learning a directed acyclic graph (DAG) that encodes a causal model. This model selection problem can be challenging due to its large combinatorial search space, particularly when dealing with non-parametric…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-08-21 Yurou Liang , Oleksandr Zadorozhnyi , Mathias Drton

Ordinal variables, such as on the Likert scale, are common in applied research. Yet, existing methods for causal inference tend to target nominal or continuous data. When applied to ordinal data, this fails to account for the inherent…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-26 Martina Scauda , Jack Kuipers , Giusi Moffa

Pairwise causal background knowledge about the existence or absence of causal edges and paths is frequently encountered in observational studies. Such constraints allow the shared directed and undirected edges in the constrained subclass of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Zhuangyan Fang , Ruiqi Zhao , Yue Liu , Yangbo He