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Reward models are central to both reinforcement learning (RL) with language models and inference-time verification. However, existing reward models often lack temporal consistency, leading to ineffective policy updates and unstable RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Dan Zhang , Min Cai , Jonathan Light , Ziniu Hu , Yisong Yue , Jie Tang

Current mainstream methods of aligning diffusion models with human preferences typically employ VLM-based reward models. However, these reward models, pre-trained for semantic alignment, struggle to capture the essential perceptual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jaxon Zhang , Binxin Yang , Hubery Yin , Chen Li , Jing Lyu

The recent success of denoising diffusion models has significantly advanced text-to-image generation. While these large-scale pretrained models show excellent performance in general image synthesis, downstream objectives often require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Maorong Wang , Jiafeng Mao , Xueting Wang , Toshihiko Yamasaki

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a framework for solving sequential decision-making problems. In this work, we demonstrate that, surprisingly, RL emerges during the inference time of large language models (LLMs), a phenomenon we term…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Kefan Song , Amir Moeini , Peng Wang , Lei Gong , Rohan Chandra , Shangtong Zhang , Yanjun Qi

This paper presents a novel approach for unsupervised video summarization using reinforcement learning (RL), addressing limitations like unstable adversarial training and reliance on heuristic-based reward functions. The method operates on…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Mehryar Abbasi , Hadi Hadizadeh , Parvaneh Saeedi

Text-to-image models are powerful for producing high-quality images based on given text prompts, but crafting these prompts often requires specialized vocabulary. To address this, existing methods train rewriting models with supervision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Hongji Yang , Yucheng Zhou , Wencheng Han , Jianbing Shen

Diffusion models have emerged as powerful tools for 3D medical image generation, yet bridging the gap between standard training objectives and clinical relevance remains a challenge. This paper presents a method to enhance 3D diffusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yueying Tian , Xudong Han , Meng Zhou , Rodrigo Aviles-Espinosa , Rupert Young , Philip Birch

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a standard paradigm for refining large language models (LLMs) beyond pre-training and instruction tuning. A prominent line of work is RL with verifiable rewards (RLVR), which leverages automatically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Bonan Zhang , Zhongqi Chen , Bowen Song , Qinya Li , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen

Considering a collection of RDF triples, the RDF-to-text generation task aims to generate a text description. Most previous methods solve this task using a sequence-to-sequence model or using a graph-based model to encode RDF triples and to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Hanning Gao , Lingfei Wu , Hongyun Zhang , Zhihua Wei , Po Hu , Fangli Xu , Bo Long

Developing scalable and generalizable reward engineering for reinforcement learning (RL) is crucial for creating general-purpose agents, especially in the challenging domain of robotic manipulation. While recent advances in reward…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Yuhui Chen , Haoran Li , Zhennan Jiang , Haowei Wen , Dongbin Zhao

Recent improvements in conditional generative modeling have made it possible to generate high-quality images from language descriptions alone. We investigate whether these methods can directly address the problem of sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Anurag Ajay , Yilun Du , Abhi Gupta , Joshua Tenenbaum , Tommi Jaakkola , Pulkit Agrawal

The text-to-image synthesis by diffusion models has recently shown remarkable performance in generating high-quality images. Although performs well for simple texts, the models may get confused when faced with complex texts that contain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Chang Yu , Junran Peng , Xiangyu Zhu , Zhaoxiang Zhang , Qi Tian , Zhen Lei

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been effective for post-training autoregressive (AR) language models, but extending these methods to diffusion language models (DLMs) is challenging due to intractable sequence-level likelihoods. Existing…

Diffusion models achieve state-of-the-art generative performance but are fundamentally bottlenecked by their slow, iterative sampling process. While diffusion distillation techniques enable high-fidelity, few-step generation, traditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Linqian Fan , Peiqin Sun , Tiancheng Wen , Shun Lu , Chengru Song

Reward models are critical for improving large language models (LLMs), particularly in reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) or inference-time verification. Current reward modeling typically relies on scores of overall responses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Chaoyang Zhou , Shunyu Liu , Zengmao Wang , Di Wang , Rong-Cheng Tu , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

Given the inherent non-stationarity prevalent in real-world applications, continual Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims to equip the agent with the capability to address a series of sequentially presented decision-making tasks. Within this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Feng Chen , Fuguang Han , Cong Guan , Lei Yuan , Zhilong Zhang , Yang Yu , Zongzhang Zhang

Recent advances in text-to-image (T2I) generation via reinforcement learning (RL) have benefited from reward models that assess semantic alignment and visual quality. However, most existing reward models pay limited attention to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Sashuai Zhou , Qiang Zhou , Junpeng Ma , Yue Cao , Ruofan Hu , Ziang Zhang , Xiaoda Yang , Zhibin Wang , Jun Song , Cheng Yu , Bo Zheng , Zhou Zhao

Next-token prediction is the fundamental principle for training large language models (LLMs), and reinforcement learning (RL) further enhances their reasoning performance. As an effective way to model language, image, video, and other…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zuyao Chen , Jinlin Wu , Zhen Lei , Marc Pollefeys , Chang Wen Chen

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a general framework concerned with an agent that seeks to maximize rewards in an environment. The learning typically happens through trial and error using explorative methods, such as epsilon-greedy. There are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Per-Arne Andersen , Morten Goodwin , Ole-Christoffer Granmo

Scaling test-time computation with reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a reliable path to improve large language models (LLM) reasoning ability. Yet, outcome-based reward often incentivizes models to be overconfident, leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Liaoyaqi Wang , Chunsheng Zuo , William Jurayj , Benjamin Van Durme , Anqi Liu
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