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Confidential virtual machines (CVMs) based on trusted execution environments (TEEs) enable new privacy-preserving solutions. Yet, they leave side-channel leakage outside their threat model, shifting the responsibility of mitigating such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Ruiyi Zhang , Albert Cheu , Adria Gascon , Daniel Moghimi , Phillipp Schoppmann , Michael Schwarz , Octavian Suciu

The ever increasing popularity and availability of Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) had a stark influence on microarchitectural attack research in academia, as their strong attacker model both boosts existing attack vectors and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Luca Wilke , Jan Wichelmann , Anja Rabich , Thomas Eisenbarth

Hardware-enclaves that target complex CPU designs compromise both security and performance. Programs have little control over micro-architecture, which leads to side-channel leaks, and then have to be transformed to have worst-case control-…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Sarbartha Banerjee , Prakash Ramrakhyani , Shijia Wei , Mohit Tiwari

Cloud computing is a ubiquitous solution to handle today's complex computing demands. However, it comes with data privacy concerns, as the cloud service provider has complete access to code and data running on their infrastructure. VM-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Luca Wilke , Gianluca Scopelliti

Modern confidential computing executes sensitive computation in an abstraction called confidential VMs and protects from the hypervisor, host OS, and other co-resident VMs. It has been shown that an attacker can inject malicious interrupts…

Trying to address the security challenges of a cloud-centric software deployment paradigm, silicon and cloud vendors are introducing confidential computing - an umbrella term aimed at providing hardware and software mechanisms for…

Trust is of paramount concern for tenants to deploy their security-sensitive services in the cloud. The integrity of VMs in which these services are deployed needs to be ensured even in the presence of powerful adversaries with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Wojciech Ozga , Do Le Quoc , Christof Fetzer

Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) are widely used for censorship evasion and traffic protection. VPN users expect to be provided with adequate security protection, and at the same time not be affected by other users connected to the same VPN…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yuxiang Yang , Ao Wang , Xuewei Feng , Qi Li , Ke Xu

In the official whitepaper of Secure Encrypted Virtualization with Secure Nested Paging (SEV-SNP), AMD explicitly emphasizes the capability to prevent Trusted Computing Base (TCB) rollback attacks. Cryptographically, this is realized by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Muyan Shen , Yu Qin

To ensure secure and trustworthy execution of applications, vendors frequently embed trusted execution environments into their systems. Here, applications are protected from adversaries, including a malicious operating system. TEEs are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Pascal Nasahl , Robert Schilling , Mario Werner , Stefan Mangard

Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) allow user processes to create enclaves that protect security-sensitive computation against access from the OS kernel and the hypervisor. Recent work has shown that TEEs are vulnerable to side-channel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Shujie Cui , Haohua Li , Yuanhong Li , Zhi Zhang , Lluís Vilanova , Peter Pietzuch

User programs recover from hardware exceptions and respond to signals by executing custom handlers that they register specifically for such events. We present SIGY attack, which abuses this programming model on Intel SGX to break the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Supraja Sridhara , Andrin Bertschi , Benedict Schlüter , Shweta Shinde

The Virtual Machine (VM)-based Trusted-Execution-Environment (TEE) technology, like AMD Secure-Encrypted-Virtualization (SEV), enables the establishment of Confidential VMs (CVMs) to protect data privacy. But CVM lacks ways to provide the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Jingkai Mao , Haoran Zhu , Junchao Fan , Lin Li , Xiaolin Chang

In modern computer systems, user processes are isolated from each other by the operating system and the hardware. Additionally, in a cloud scenario it is crucial that the hypervisor isolates tenants from other tenants that are co-located on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-23 Michael Schwarz , Samuel Weiser , Daniel Gruss , Clémentine Maurice , Stefan Mangard

Modern operating systems manage and abstract hardware resources, to ensure efficient execution of user workloads. The operating system must securely interface with often untrusted user code while relying on hardware that is assumed to be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Rick Wertenbroek , Alberto Dassatti

Speculative execution which is used pervasively in modern CPUs can leave side effects in the processor caches and other structures even when the speculated instructions do not commit and their direct effect is not visible. The recent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-19 Khaled N. Khasawneh , Esmaeil Mohammadian Koruyeh , Chengyu Song , Dmitry Evtyushkin , Dmitry Ponomarev , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh

Intel has introduced a trusted computing technology, Intel Software Guard Extension (SGX), which provides an isolated and secure execution environment called enclave for a user program without trusting any privilege software (e.g., an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-14 Jinwen Wang , Yueqiang Cheng , Qi Li , Yong Jiang

Intel's Software Guard Extensions (SGX) introduced new instructions to switch the processor to enclave mode which protects it from introspection. While the enclave mode strongly protects the memory and the state of the processor, it cannot…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Tobias Cloosters , Michael Rodler , Lucas Davi

The cloud computing landscape has evolved significantly in recent years, embracing various sandboxes to meet the diverse demands of modern cloud applications. These sandboxes encompass container-based technologies like Docker and gVisor,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Debopriya Roy Dipta , Thore Tiemann , Berk Gulmezoglu , Eduard Marin , Thomas Eisenbarth

During the last years, large-scale simulations of realistic physical environments which support the interaction of multiple participants over the Internet have become increasingly available and economically significant, most notably in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2009-09-29 Uwe Hermann , Stefan Katzenbeisser , Christian Schallhart , Helmut Veith