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Graph neural networks (GNNs) are commonly divided into message-passing neural networks (MPNNs) and spectral graph neural networks, reflecting two largely separate research traditions in machine learning and signal processing. This paper…

Output reachability and adversarial robustness are among the most relevant safety properties of neural networks. We show that in the context of Message Passing Neural Networks (MPNN), a common Graph Neural Network (GNN) model, formal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Marco Sälzer , Martin Lange

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as powerful tools for processing relational data in applications. However, GNNs suffer from the problem of oversmoothing, the property that the features of all nodes exponentially converge to the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-22 Bastian Epping , Alexandre René , Moritz Helias , Michael T. Schaub

Message passing neural networks (MPNNs) have emerged as go-to models for learning on graph-structured data in the past decade. Despite their effectiveness, most of such models still incur severe issues such as over-smoothing and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Haoran Zheng , Renchi Yang , Yubo Zhou , Jianliang Xu

Recently, machine learning, particularly message-passing graph neural networks (MPNNs), has gained traction in enhancing exact optimization algorithms. For example, MPNNs speed up solving mixed-integer optimization problems by imitating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Chendi Qian , Didier Chételat , Christopher Morris

A variety of graph neural networks (GNNs) frameworks for representation learning on graphs have been recently developed. These frameworks rely on aggregation and iteration scheme to learn the representation of nodes. However, information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-25 Xinhan Di , Pengqian Yu , Rui Bu , Mingchao Sun

This thesis presents a local-to-global perspective on graph neural networks (GNN), the leading architecture to process graph-structured data. After categorizing GNN into local Message Passing Neural Networks (MPNN) and global Graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Chen Cai

Recent advancements in graph learning have revolutionized the way to understand and analyze data with complex structures. Notably, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), i.e. neural network architectures designed for learning graph representations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Yu Huang , Min Zhou , Menglin Yang , Zhen Wang , Muhan Zhang , Jie Wang , Hong Xie , Hao Wang , Defu Lian , Enhong Chen

The message passing framework is the foundation of the immense success enjoyed by graph neural networks (GNNs) in recent years. In spite of its elegance, there exist many problems it provably cannot solve over given input graphs. This has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Petar Veličković

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), neural network architectures targeted to learning representations of graphs, have become a popular learning model for prediction tasks on nodes, graphs and configurations of points, with wide success in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Stefanie Jegelka

Deep learning-based approaches have been developed to solve challenging problems in wireless communications, leading to promising results. Early attempts adopted neural network architectures inherited from applications such as computer…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Yifei Shen , Jun Zhang , S. H. Song , Khaled B. Letaief

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are frequently used for knowledge graph completion. Their black-box nature has motivated work that uses sound logical rules to explain predictions and characterise their expressivity. However, despite the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Matthew Morris , Ian Horrocks

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a fundamental tool for learning from graph-structured data, achieving strong performance across a wide range of applications. However, understanding their generalization capabilities remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Peiyao Wang , Liang Bai , Xian Yang , Richard Yi Da Xu , Jiye Liang

Graph neural networks have demonstrated excellent applicability to a wide range of domains, including social networks, biological systems, recommendation systems, and wireless communications. Yet a principled theoretical understanding of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xinping Yi

We analyze graph smoothing with \emph{mean aggregation}, where each node successively receives the average of the features of its neighbors. Indeed, it has quickly been observed that Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), which generally follow some…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-11 Nicolas Keriven

We propose a theoretical framework for training Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) on large input graphs via training on small, fixed-size sampled subgraphs. This framework is applicable to a wide range of models, including popular sampling-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Yeganeh Alimohammadi , Luana Ruiz , Amin Saberi

We present graph partition neural networks (GPNN), an extension of graph neural networks (GNNs) able to handle extremely large graphs. GPNNs alternate between locally propagating information between nodes in small subgraphs and globally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-19 Renjie Liao , Marc Brockschmidt , Daniel Tarlow , Alexander L. Gaunt , Raquel Urtasun , Richard Zemel

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as powerful tools for learning on graph-structured data, but often struggle to balance local and global information. While graph Transformers aim to address this by enabling long-range interactions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jeongwhan Choi , Seungjun Park , Sumin Park , Sung-Bae Cho , Noseong Park

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown great promise in tasks like node and graph classification, but they often struggle to generalize, particularly to unseen or out-of-distribution (OOD) data. These challenges are exacerbated when…

Hypergraph, an expressive structure with flexibility to model the higher-order correlations among entities, has recently attracted increasing attention from various research domains. Despite the success of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Jing Huang , Jie Yang