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Large Language Models (LLMs) are highly sensitive to prompts, including additional context provided therein. As LLMs grow in capability, understanding their prompt-sensitivity becomes increasingly crucial for ensuring reliable and robust…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Sotiris Anagnostidis , Jannis Bulian

While a large body of literature suggests that large language models (LLMs) acquire rich linguistic representations, little is known about whether they adapt to linguistic biases in a human-like way. The present study probes this question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Suet-Ying Lam , Qingcheng Zeng , Kexun Zhang , Chenyu You , Rob Voigt

Larger language models become simultaneously better and worse at handling contextual information -- better at ignoring false claims, worse at ignoring irrelevant tokens. We formalize this apparent paradox through the first scaling laws for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Dikshant Kukreja , Kshitij Sah , Gautam Gupta , Avinash Anand , Rajiv Ratn Shah , Zhengkui Wang , Aik Beng Ng , Erik Cambria

This paper investigates Large Language Models (LLMs) ability to assess the economic soundness and theoretical consistency of empirical findings in spatial econometrics. We created original and deliberately altered "counterfactual" summaries…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Giuseppe Arbia , Luca Morandini , Vincenzo Nardelli

Large language models (LLMs), especially when instruction-tuned for chat, have become part of our daily lives, freeing people from the process of searching, extracting, and integrating information from multiple sources by offering a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Yuxia Wang , Minghan Wang , Muhammad Arslan Manzoor , Fei Liu , Georgi Georgiev , Rocktim Jyoti Das , Preslav Nakov

Languages encode distinct abstractions and inductive priors, yet most large language models (LLMs) overlook this diversity by reasoning in a single dominant language. In this work, we introduce x1, a family of reasoning models that can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yangfan Ye , Xiaocheng Feng , Xiachong Feng , Yichong Huang , Zekun Yuan , Lei Huang , Weitao Ma , Qichen Hong , Yunfei Lu , Dandan Tu , Bing Qin

This paper tests whether large language models (LLMs) can support interpretative citation context analysis (CCA) by scaling in thick, text-grounded readings of a single hard case rather than scaling up typological labels. It foregrounds…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Arno Simons

Large language models have achieved remarkable success on final-answer mathematical problems, largely due to the ease of applying reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards. However, the reasoning underlying these solutions is often…

Emotional prompting - the use of specific emotional diction in prompt engineering - has shown increasing promise in improving large language model (LLM) performance, truthfulness, and responsibility. However these studies have been limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Ameen Patel , Felix Lee , Kyle Liang , Joseph Thomas

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained immense attention due to their notable emergent capabilities, surpassing those seen in earlier language models. A particularly intriguing application of LLMs is their role as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Xue-Yong Fu , Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar , Cheng Chen , Shashi Bhushan TN

The performance of Large language models (LLMs) across a broad range of domains has been impressive but have been critiqued as not being able to reason about their process and conclusions derived. This is to explain the conclusions draw,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Rob Sullivan , Nelly Elsayed

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been recently proposed for supporting domain modeling tasks mostly related to the completion of partial models by recommending additional model elements. However, there are many more modeling tasks, one of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Andrei Coman , Lola Burgueño , Dominik Bork , Manuel Wimmer

Web users produce more and more documents expressing opinions. Because these have become important resources for customers and manufacturers, many have focused on them. Opinions are often expressed through adjectives with positive or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2012-11-20 Ae-Lim Ahn , Éric Laporte , Jee-Sun Nam

Large language models (LLMs) has been widely adopted as a scalable surrogate for human evaluation, yet such judges remain imperfect and susceptible to surface-level biases. One possible reason is that these judges lack sufficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Minzhu Tu , Shiyu Ni , Keping Bi

Human conversation relies heavily on conversational implicature, in which speakers convey meanings that are suggested rather than explicitly stated. Although recent large language models exhibit strong conversational fluency, they remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Hirona Jacqueline Arai , Xiang Ren

Large language models increasingly rely on explicit reasoning chains and can produce multiple plausible responses for a given context. We study the candidate sampler that produces the set of plausible responses contrasting the ancestral…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Sergey Troshin , Irina Saparina , Antske Fokkens , Vlad Niculae

Scientific English is currently undergoing rapid change, with words like "delve," "intricate," and "underscore" appearing far more frequently than just a few years ago. It is widely assumed that scientists' use of large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Tom S. Juzek , Zina B. Ward

Beyond bibliometrics, there is interest in characterizing the evolution of the number of ideas in scientific papers. A common approach for investigating this involves analyzing the titles of publications to detect vocabulary changes over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-31 James Powell , Martin Klein , Lyudmila Balakireva

It is unclear whether, how and where large pre-trained language models capture subtle linguistic traits like ambiguity, grammaticality and sentence complexity. We present results of automatic classification of these traits and compare their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Sunit Bhattacharya , Vilém Zouhar , Ondřej Bojar

In recent years, groundbreaking advancements in natural language processing have culminated in the emergence of powerful large language models (LLMs), which have showcased remarkable capabilities across a vast array of domains, including…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Microsoft Research AI4Science , Microsoft Azure Quantum