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Standard Bayesian learning is known to have suboptimal generalization capabilities under misspecification and in the presence of outliers. PAC-Bayes theory demonstrates that the free energy criterion minimized by Bayesian learning is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Matteo Zecchin , Sangwoo Park , Osvaldo Simeone , Marios Kountouris , David Gesbert

We develop a unified Data Processing Inequality PAC-Bayesian framework -- abbreviated DPI-PAC-Bayesian -- for deriving generalization error bounds in the supervised learning setting. By embedding the Data Processing Inequality (DPI) into…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Muhan Guan , Farhad Farokhi , Jingge Zhu

Bayesian optimization is a powerful global optimization technique for expensive black-box functions. One of its shortcomings is that it requires auxiliary optimization of an acquisition function at each iteration. This auxiliary…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-02-28 Ziyu Wang , Babak Shakibi , Lin Jin , Nando de Freitas

Optimizing objectives under constraints, where both the objectives and constraints are black box functions, is a common scenario in real-world applications such as scientific experimental design, design of medical therapies, and industrial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Fengxue Zhang , Zejie Zhu , Yuxin Chen

In this paper, we investigate the question: Given a small number of datapoints, for example N = 30, how tight can PAC-Bayes and test set bounds be made? For such small datasets, test set bounds adversely affect generalisation performance by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-14 Andrew Y. K. Foong , Wessel P. Bruinsma , David R. Burt , Richard E. Turner

Reinforcement learning (RL) for reachability specifications is fundamental in sequential decision-making, yet theoretical guarantees remain less explored. A recent work achieves asymptotic convergence to optimal policies. However, this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Amogh Palasamudram , Jakub Svoboda , Suguman Bansal , Krishnendu Chatterjee

This paper concerns the study of optimal (supremum and infimum) uncertainty bounds for systems where the input (or prior) probability measure is only partially/imperfectly known (e.g., with only statistical moments and/or on a coarse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Xingsheng Sun , Burigede Liu

Considering a probability distribution over parameters is known as an efficient strategy to learn a neural network with non-differentiable activation functions. We study the expectation of a probabilistic neural network as a predictor by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Louis Fortier-Dubois , Gaël Letarte , Benjamin Leblanc , François Laviolette , Pascal Germain

Bayesian optimization has recently emerged as a popular and efficient tool for global optimization and hyperparameter tuning. Currently, the established Bayesian optimization practice requires a user-defined bounding box which is assumed to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-08-18 Bobak Shahriari , Alexandre Bouchard-Côté , Nando de Freitas

Security in machine learning is fragile when data are exfiltrated or perturbed, yet existing frameworks rarely connect the definition and analysis of the security to learnability. In this work, we develop a theory of secure learning…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-05 Jeongho Bang

Recent works have investigated deep learning models trained by optimising PAC-Bayes bounds, with priors that are learnt on subsets of the data. This combination has been shown to lead not only to accurate classifiers, but also to remarkably…

We present a new framework for deriving bounds on the generalization bound of statistical learning algorithms from the perspective of online learning. Specifically, we construct an online learning game called the "generalization game",…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-18 Gábor Lugosi , Gergely Neu

In robotics, optimizing controller parameters under safety constraints is an important challenge. Safe Bayesian optimization (BO) quantifies uncertainty in the objective and constraints to safely guide exploration in such settings.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Jonas Rothfuss , Christopher Koenig , Alisa Rupenyan , Andreas Krause

Deep neural networks generalize well despite being heavily overparameterized, in apparent contradiction with classical learning theory based on uniform convergence over fixed hypothesis spaces. Uniform bounds over the entire parameter space…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-15 Hubert Leroux , Jean Marcus , Julien Roger

Bayesian optimization has been successfully applied to optimize black-box functions where the number of evaluations is severely limited. However, in many real-world applications, it is hard or impossible to know in advance which designs are…

Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) bounds are widely used to derive probabilistic guarantees for the generalisation of machine learning models. They highlight the components of the model which contribute to its generalisation capacity.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Thomas Walker , Alessio Lomuscio

Variational inference (VI) is widely used for approximate inference in Bayesian machine learning. In addition to this practical success, generalization bounds for variational inference and related algorithms have been developed, mostly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Yadi Wei , Roni Khardon

We propose a general framework for studying adaptive regret bounds in the online learning framework, including model selection bounds and data-dependent bounds. Given a data- or model-dependent bound we ask, "Does there exist some algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-14 Dylan J. Foster , Alexander Rakhlin , Karthik Sridharan

This paper provides a theoretical analysis of domain adaptation based on the PAC-Bayesian theory. We propose an improvement of the previous domain adaptation bound obtained by Germain et al. in two ways. We first give another generalization…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-01-14 Pascal Germain , Amaury Habrard , Francois Laviolette , Emilie Morvant

We discuss necessary conditions for a PAC-Bayes bound to provide a meaningful generalisation guarantee. Our analysis reveals that the optimal generalisation guarantee depends solely on the distribution of the risk induced by the prior…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-12 Antoine Picard-Weibel , Eugenio Clerico , Roman Moscoviz , Benjamin Guedj