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Recent work using Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) has made non-interactive privacy-preserving inference of deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) possible. However, the performance of these methods remain limited by their heavy…

Homomorphic encryption is one of the representative solutions to privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML) classification enabling the server to classify private data of clients while guaranteeing privacy. This work focuses on PPML using…

Homomorphic encryption (HE) is a promising technique used for privacy-preserving computation. Since HE schemes only support primitive polynomial operations, homomorphic evaluation of polynomial approximations for non-polynomial functions…

Privacy-Preserving Neural Networks (PPNN) are advanced to perform inference without breaching user privacy, which can serve as an essential tool for medical diagnosis to simultaneously achieve big data utility and privacy protection. As one…

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is one of the most promising security solutions to emerging Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS). Leveled-HE (LHE)-enabled Convolutional Neural Networks (LHECNNs) are proposed to implement MLaaS to avoid large…

We present the first theoretical convergence analysis of machine learning training under fully homomorphic encryption (FHE), combined with a differentially private (DP) training algorithm tailored to encrypted computation. Our approach…

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is one of the prospective tools for privacypreserving machine learning (PPML), and several PPML models have been proposed based on various FHE schemes and approaches. Although the FHE schemes are known as…

Recent studies have explored the deployment of privacy-preserving deep neural networks utilizing homomorphic encryption (HE), especially for private inference (PI). Many works have attempted the approximation-aware training (AAT) approach…

Audio and speech data are increasingly used in machine learning applications such as speech recognition, speaker identification, and mental health monitoring. However, the passive collection of this data by audio listening devices raises…

Replacing non-polynomial functions (e.g., non-linear activation functions such as ReLU) in a neural network with their polynomial approximations is a standard practice in privacy-preserving machine learning. The resulting neural network,…

The growth of the Machine-Learning-As-A-Service (MLaaS) market has highlighted clients' data privacy and security issues. Private inference (PI) techniques using cryptographic primitives offer a solution but often have high computation and…

The growing adoption of machine learning in sensitive areas such as healthcare and defense introduces significant privacy and security challenges. These domains demand robust data protection, as models depend on large volumes of sensitive…

Due to the extensive application of machine learning (ML) in a wide range of fields and the necessity of data privacy, privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML) solutions have recently gained significant traction. One group of approaches…

The migration of computation to the cloud has raised concerns regarding the security and privacy of sensitive data, as their need to be decrypted before processing, renders them susceptible to potential breaches. Fully Homomorphic…

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) imposes substantial memory bandwidth demands, presenting significant challenges for efficient hardware acceleration. Near-memory Processing (NMP) has emerged as a promising architectural solution to…

By replacing standard non-linearities with polynomial activations, Polynomial Neural Networks (PNNs) are pivotal for applications such as privacy-preserving inference via Homomorphic Encryption (HE). However, training PNNs effectively…

Secure inference of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) under RNS-CKKS involves polynomial approximation of unsupported non-linear activation functions. However, existing approaches have three main limitations: 1) Inflexibility: The…

Leveled Homomorphic Encryption (LHE) offers a potential solution that could allow sectors with sensitive data to utilize the cloud and securely deploy their models for remote inference with Deep Neural Networks (DNN). However, this…

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables computation on encrypted data without decryption, making it central to privacy-preserving applications. However, no existing scheme efficiently supports both arithmetic and comparison operations in…

Modern cryptographic methods for implementing privacy-preserving LLMs such as \gls{HE} require the LLMs to have a polynomial form. Forming such a representation is challenging because transformers include non-polynomial components, such as…