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We introduce Probabilistic Dependency Graphs (PDGs), a new class of directed graphical models. PDGs can capture inconsistent beliefs in a natural way and are more modular than Bayesian Networks (BNs), in that they make it easier to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Oliver Richardson , Joseph Y Halpern

Probabilistic circuits (PCs) represent a probability distribution as a computational graph. Enforcing structural properties on these graphs guarantees that several inference scenarios become tractable. Among these properties, structured…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-03 Meihua Dang , Antonio Vergari , Guy Van den Broeck

Probabilistic circuits (PCs) are powerful probabilistic models that enable exact and tractable inference, making them highly suitable for probabilistic reasoning and inference tasks. While dominant in neural networks, representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Steven Braun , Sahil Sidheekh , Antonio Vergari , Martin Mundt , Sriraam Natarajan , Kristian Kersting

Probabilistic integral circuits (PICs) have been recently introduced as probabilistic models enjoying the key ingredient behind expressive generative models: continuous latent variables (LVs). PICs are symbolic computational graphs defining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Gennaro Gala , Cassio de Campos , Antonio Vergari , Erik Quaeghebeur

Probabilistic circuits (PCs) are a class of tractable probabilistic models, which admit efficient inference routines depending on their structural properties. In this paper, we introduce md-vtrees, a novel structural formulation of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Benjie Wang , Marta Kwiatkowska

Probabilistic Circuits (PCs) are a general framework for tractable deep generative models, which support exact and efficient probabilistic inference on their learned distributions. Recent modeling and training advancements have enabled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Anji Liu , Kareem Ahmed , Guy Van den Broeck

Predictive coding graphs (PCGs) are a recently introduced generalization to predictive coding networks, a neuroscience-inspired probabilistic latent variable model. Here, we prove how PCGs define a mathematical superset of feedforward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Björn van Zwol

Probabilistic models based on continuous latent spaces, such as variational autoencoders, can be understood as uncountable mixture models where components depend continuously on the latent code. They have proven to be expressive tools for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Alvaro H. C. Correia , Gennaro Gala , Erik Quaeghebeur , Cassio de Campos , Robert Peharz

Probabilistic Circuits (PCs) are prominent tractable probabilistic models, allowing for a range of exact inferences. This paper focuses on the main algorithm for training PCs, LearnSPN, a gold standard due to its efficiency, performance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Soroush Ghandi , Benjamin Quost , Cassio de Campos

Probabilistic Circuits (PCs) have emerged as an efficient framework for representing and learning complex probability distributions. Nevertheless, the existing body of research on PCs predominantly concentrates on data-driven parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Athresh Karanam , Saurabh Mathur , Sahil Sidheekh , Sriraam Natarajan

Probabilistic graphical models (PGMs) are tools for solving complex probabilistic relationships. However, suboptimal PGM structures are primarily used in practice. This dissertation presents three contributions to the PGM literature. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Simon Streicher

Dimensionality reduction is critical across various domains of science including neuroscience. Probabilistic Principal Component Analysis (PPCA) is a prominent dimensionality reduction method that provides a probabilistic approach unlike…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Han-Lin Hsieh , Maryam M. Shanechi

A polynomial Turing compression (PTC) for a parameterized problem $L$ is a polynomial time Turing machine that has access to an oracle for a problem $L'$ such that a polynomial in the input parameter bounds each query. Meanwhile, a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Weidong Luo

Probabilistic dependency graphs (PDGs) are a flexible class of probabilistic graphical models, subsuming Bayesian Networks and Factor Graphs. They can also capture inconsistent beliefs, and provide a way of measuring the degree of this…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Oliver E. Richardson , Joseph Y. Halpern , Christopher De Sa

Probabilistic spin logic (PSL) is a recently proposed computing paradigm based on unstable stochastic units called probabilistic bits (p-bits) that can be correlated to form probabilistic circuits (p-circuits). These p-circuits can be used…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Ahmed Zeeshan Pervaiz , Brian M. Sutton , Lakshmi Anirudh Ghantasala , Kerem Y. Camsari

Understanding the complex and stochastic nature of Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) remains a central challenge in systems biology. Existing modeling paradigms often struggle to effectively capture the intricate, multi-factor regulatory…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-20 Yiyang Jia , Zheng Wei , Zheng Yang , Guohong Peng

Probabilistic circuits (PCs) are models that allow exact and tractable probabilistic inference. In contrast to neural networks, they are often assumed to be well-calibrated and robust to out-of-distribution (OOD) data. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Fabrizio Ventola , Steven Braun , Zhongjie Yu , Martin Mundt , Kristian Kersting

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a well-established tool in machine learning and data processing. The principal axes in PCA were shown to be equivalent to the maximum marginal likelihood estimator of the factor loading matrix in a…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-10-25 Mengyang Gu , Weining Shen

Probabilistic circuits (PCs) are a powerful modeling framework for representing tractable probability distributions over combinatorial spaces. In machine learning and probabilistic programming, one is often interested in understanding…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Yash Pote , Kuldeep S. Meel

Estimating high-quality images while also quantifying their uncertainty are two desired features in an image reconstruction algorithm for solving ill-posed inverse problems. In this paper, we propose plug-and-play Monte Carlo (PMC) as a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-29 Yu Sun , Zihui Wu , Yifan Chen , Berthy T. Feng , Katherine L. Bouman