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String diagrams are an increasingly popular algebraic language for the analysis of graphical models of computations across different research fields. Whereas string diagrams have been thoroughly studied as semantic structures, much less…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-04 Paul Wilson , Fabio Zanasi

A string diagram is a two-dimensional graphical representation that can be described as a one-dimensional term generated from a set of primitives using sequential and parallel compositions. Since different syntactic terms may represent the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Julie Cailler , Noé Delorme , Simon Perdrix , Sophie Tourret

We give parallel algorithms for string diagrams represented as structured cospans of ACSets. Specifically, we give linear (sequential) and logarithmic (parallel) time algorithms for composition, tensor product, construction of diagrams from…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2023-05-03 Paul Wilson , Fabio Zanasi

We introduce string diagrams as a formal mathematical, graphical language to represent, compose, program and reason about games. The language is well established in quantum physics, quantum computing and quantum linguistic with the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-04-21 Jules Hedges , Evguenia Shprits , Viktor Winschel , Philipp Zahn

String diagrams are a powerful tool for reasoning about physical processes, logic circuits, tensor networks, and many other compositional structures. The distinguishing feature of these diagrams is that edges need not be connected to…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2010-11-19 Lucas Dixon , Aleks Kissinger

This work is about diagrammatic languages, how they can be represented, and what they in turn can be used to represent. More specifically, it focuses on representations and applications of string diagrams. String diagrams are used to…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2012-03-23 Aleks Kissinger

This document is an elementary introduction to string diagrams. It takes a computer science perspective: rather than using category theory as a starting point, we build on intuitions from formal language theory, treating string diagrams as…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Robin Piedeleu , Fabio Zanasi

String diagrams provide a convenient graphical framework which may be used for equational reasoning about morphisms of monoidal categories. However, unlike term rewriting, rewriting string diagrams results in shorter equational proofs,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-23 Vladimir Nikolaev Zamdzhiev

String diagrams are a powerful tool for reasoning about composite structures in symmetric monoidal categories. By representing string diagrams as graphs, equational reasoning can be done automatically by double-pushout rewriting. !-graphs…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-02-22 Aleks Kissinger , Vladimir Zamdzhiev

Applied category theory provides powerful mathematical tools for modelling processes and their composition. Symmetric monoidal categories, which involve series and parallel composition, are particularly well-suited for describing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Muhammad Hamza Waseem

This tutorial gives an advanced introduction to string diagrams and graph languages for higher-order computation. The subject matter develops in a principled way, starting from the two dimensional syntax of key categorical concepts such as…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Dan Ghica , Fabio Zanasi

String diagrams are a powerful and intuitive graphical syntax, originated in the study of symmetric monoidal categories. In the last few years, they have found application in the modelling of various computational structures, in fields as…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Filippo Bonchi , Fabio Gadducci , Aleks Kissinger , Pawel Sobocinski , Fabio Zanasi

We provide a pipeline for generating syntax diagrams (also called railroad diagrams) from context free grammars. Syntax diagrams are a graphical representation of a context free language, which we formalize abstractly as a set of mutually…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-09-03 Michael J. Bannister , David A. Brown , David Eppstein

We introduce collages of string diagrams as a diagrammatic syntax for glueing multiple monoidal categories. Collages of string diagrams are interpreted as pointed bimodular profunctors. As the main examples of this technique, we introduce…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2023-12-15 Dylan Braithwaite , Mario Román

Graph-based semantic representations are valuable in natural language processing, where it is often simple and effective to represent linguistic concepts as nodes, and relations as edges between them. Several attempts has been made to find…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Johanna Björklund , Frank Drewes , Anna Jonsson

String diagrams are pictorial representations for morphisms of symmetric monoidal categories. They constitute an intuitive and expressive graphical syntax, which has found application in a very diverse range of fields including concurrency…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Aleksandar Milosavljevic , Robin Piedeleu , Fabio Zanasi

The study of abstraction and composition - the focus of category theory - naturally leads to sophisticated diagrams which can encode complex algebraic semantics. Consequently, these diagrams facilitate a clearer visual comprehension of…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-06-27 Vincent Abbott , Gioele Zardini

Railroad diagrams (also called "syntax diagrams") are a common, intuitive visualization of grammars, but limited tooling and a lack of formal attention to their layout mostly confines them to hand-drawn documentation. We present the first…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Shardul Chiplunkar , Clément Pit-Claudel

Assembly planning is a difficult problem for companies. Many disciplines such as design, planning, scheduling, and manufacturing execution need to be carefully engineered and coordinated to create successful product assembly plans. Recent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-05-13 Jade Master , Evan Patterson , Shahin Yousfi , Arquimedes Canedo

We introduce context-free languages of morphisms in monoidal categories, extending recent work on the categorification of context-free languages, and regular languages of string diagrams. Context-free languages of string diagrams include…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Matt Earnshaw , Mario Román
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