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Large language models (LLMs) are demonstrably capable of cross-lingual transfer, but can produce inconsistent output when prompted with the same queries written in different languages. To understand how language models are able to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zheng Wei Lim , Alham Fikri Aji , Trevor Cohn

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly integral to the hospitality and tourism industry, concerns about their fairness in serving diverse identity groups persist. Grounded in social identity theory and sociotechnical systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ruiping Ren , Yingwei , Xu , Xing Yao , Shu Cole , Haining Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at producing broadly relevant text, but this generality becomes a limitation when user-specific preferences are required, such as recommending restaurants or planning travel. In these scenarios, users…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ioannis Tsaknakis , Bingqing Song , Shuyu Gan , Dongyeop Kang , Alfredo Garcia , Gaowen Liu , Charles Fleming , Mingyi Hong

With globalization and increasing immigrant populations, immigration departments face significant work-loads and the challenge of ensuring fairness in decision-making processes. Integrating artificial intelligence offers a promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Yicheng Mao , Yang Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) often provide chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning traces that appear plausible, but may hide internal biases. We call these *unverbalized biases*. Monitoring models via their stated reasoning is therefore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Iván Arcuschin , David Chanin , Adrià Garriga-Alonso , Oana-Maria Camburu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used to autonomously evaluate the quality of content in communication systems, e.g., to assess responses in telecom customer support chatbots. However, the impartiality of these AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiaxin Gao , Chen Chen , Yanwen Jia , Xueluan Gong , Kwok-Yan Lam , Qian Wang

The advancements of Large Language Models (LLMs) have decentralized the responsibility for the transparency of AI usage. Specifically, LLM users are now encouraged or required to disclose the use of LLM-generated content for varied types of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Zhiping Zhang , Chenxinran Shen , Bingsheng Yao , Dakuo Wang , Tianshi Li

Prompt optimization algorithms for Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in multi-step reasoning but still lack effective uncertainty estimation. This paper introduces a benchmark dataset to evaluate uncertainty metrics, focusing on Answer,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Pei-Fu Guo , Yun-Da Tsai , Shou-De Lin

With the release of ChatGPT and other large language models (LLMs) the discussion about the intelligence, possibilities, and risks, of current and future models have seen large attention. This discussion included much debated scenarios…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Nils Körber , Silvan Wehrli , Christopher Irrgang

In order for AI systems to communicate effectively with people, they must understand how we make decisions. However, people's decisions are not always rational, so the implicit internal models of human decision-making in Large Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Ryan Liu , Jiayi Geng , Joshua C. Peterson , Ilia Sucholutsky , Thomas L. Griffiths

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in text generation and understanding, especially in simulating socio-political and economic patterns, serving as an alternative to traditional surveys. However, their global applicability remains…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Andrés Abeliuk , Vanessa Gaete , Naim Bro

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT and LLaMA, have significantly transformed Natural Language Processing (NLP) with their outstanding abilities in text generation, summarization, and classification.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Md Nazmus Sakib , Md Athikul Islam , Royal Pathak , Md Mashrur Arifin

Biases and errors in human-labeled data present significant challenges for machine learning, especially in supervised learning reliant on potentially flawed ground truth data. These flaws, including diagnostic errors and societal biases,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Edward Y. Chang

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as LLaMA and ChatGPT, has opened new opportunities for enhancing recommender systems through improved explainability. This paper provides a systematic literature review focused on leveraging…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Alan Said

The adoption of large language models (LLMs) is transforming the peer review process, from assisting reviewers in writing detailed evaluations to generating entire reviews automatically. While these capabilities offer new opportunities,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Sai Suresh Macharla Vasu , Ivaxi Sheth , Hui-Po Wang , Ruta Binkyte , Mario Fritz

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming pervasive in everyday life, yet their propensity to reproduce biases inherited from training data remains a pressing concern. Prior investigations into bias in LLMs have focused on the association…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Messi H. J. Lee , Jacob M. Montgomery , Calvin K. Lai

Large Language Models (LLMs) have drawn a lot of attention due to their strong performance on a wide range of natural language tasks, since the release of ChatGPT in November 2022. LLMs' ability of general-purpose language understanding and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Shervin Minaee , Tomas Mikolov , Narjes Nikzad , Meysam Chenaghlu , Richard Socher , Xavier Amatriain , Jianfeng Gao

We explore the internal mechanisms of how bias emerges in large language models (LLMs) when provided with ambiguous comparative prompts: inputs that compare or enforce choosing between two or more entities without providing clear context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Rishabh Adiga , Besmira Nushi , Varun Chandrasekaran

Recent studies have demonstrated that large pretrained language models (LLMs) such as BERT and GPT-2 exhibit biases in token prediction, often inherited from the data distributions present in their training corpora. In response, a number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Hrishikesh Viswanath , Tianyi Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being increasingly integrated into software systems, offering powerful capabilities but also raising concerns about fairness. Existing fairness benchmarks, however, focus on stereotype-specific associations,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Gianmario Voria , Martina De Lucia , Alessandra Raia , Andrea De Lucia , Gemma Catolino , Fabio Palomba