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We extend the theory for a Josephson junction travelling wave parametric amplifier (TWPA) operating in the three-wave mixing regime and we propose a scheme for achieving high gain. The continuous three-mode model [P. K. Tien, J. Appl. Phys.…

A quantum model for Josephson-based metamaterials working in the Three-Wave Mixing (3WM) and Four-Wave Mixing (4WM) regimes at the single-photon level is presented. The transmission line taken into account, namely Traveling Wave Josephson…

Superconductivity · Physics 2021-12-08 Angelo Greco , Luca Fasolo , Alice Meda , Luca Callegaro , Emanuele Enrico

We describe a wide-band Josephson Parametric Amplifier (JPA) that is impedance-matched using an integrated compact superconducting transmission line transformer. The impedance transformer consists of two broadside coupled transmission lines…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-20 Leonardo Ranzani , Guilhem Ribeill , Brian Hassick , Kin Chung Fong

This short and opinionated review starts with a concept of quantum signals at microwave frequencies and focuses on the principle of linear parametric amplification. The amplification process arises from the dispersive nonlinearity of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-12-11 Michel Devoret , Ananda Roy

The operating principle of traveling-wave parametric amplifiers is typically understood in terms of the standard coupled mode theory, which describes the evolution of forward propagating waves without any reflections, i.e. for perfect…

Recently Yaakobi and co-workers [Phys. Rev. B 87, 144301 (2013)] theoretically studied four-wave mixing and parametric amplification in a nonlinear transmission line consisting of capacitively shunted Josephson junctions. By deriving and…

Superconductivity · Physics 2013-08-14 Saptarshi Chaudhuri , Jiansong Gao

Amplifying microwave signals with a noise close to the minimum imposed by quantum mechanics is now routinely performed with superconducting quantum devices. In particular, Josephson-based Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers (JTWPA) have…

One of the central challenges in the development of parametric amplifiers is the control of the dynamic range relative to its gain and bandwidth, which typically limits quantum limited amplification to signals which contain only a few…

Superconductivity · Physics 2014-02-21 C. Eichler , A. Wallraff

This paper presents a detailed theoretical review of the amplification process in Josephson Parametric Amplifiers (JPAs), which are crucial for quantum-limited signal amplification in superconducting circuits. The paper begins by outlining…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-31 Rajlaxmi Bhoite , Shraddhanjali Choudhury

In Josephson Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifiers, higher-order harmonics of the pump tone and its sidebands are commonly present and typically regarded as parasitic. Consequently, most design efforts have focused on suppressing these…

Superconductivity · Physics 2025-11-04 E. Rizvanov , S. Kern , P. Neilinger , M. Grajcar

Microwave parametric amplifiers based on Josephson junctions have become a key component of many quantum information experiments. One key limitation which has not been well predicted by theory is the gain saturation behavior which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-06 G. Liu , T. -C. Chien , X. Cao , O. Lanes , E. Alpern , D. Pekker , M. Hatridge

A Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) can create squeezed states of microwave light, lowering the noise associated with certain quantum measurements. We experimentally study how the JPA's pump influences the phase-sensitive amplification…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-25 M. Malnou , D. A. Palken , Leila R. Vale , Gene C. Hilton , K. W. Lehnert

Resonant phase-matched Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifiers (RPM JTWPAs) play a key role in quantum computing and quantum information applications due to their low-noise, broadband amplification, and quadrature squeezing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 M. A. Gali Labarias , T. Yamada , Y. Nakashima , Y. Urade , K. Inomata

Traveling-wave parametric amplifiers (TWPAs) have attracted much attention for their broadband amplification and near-quantum-limited noise performance. TWPAs are non-reciprocal by nature providing gain for forward-propagating signals and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-08 C. S. Kow , M. T. Bell

Quantum-limited microwave parametric amplifiers are genuine key pillars for rising quantum technologies and in general for applications that rely on the successful readout of weak microwave signals by adding only the minimum amount of noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-23 Martina Esposito , Arpit Ranadive , Luca Planat , Nicolas Roch

Light waves do not interact in vacuum, but may mix through various parametric processes when traveling in a nonlinear medium. In particular, a high-amplitude wave can be leveraged to frequency convert a low-amplitude signal, as long as the…

We present the experimental demonstration of an impedance-engineered Josephson parametric amplifier (IEJPA) fabricated in a single-step lithography process. Impedance engineering is implemented using a lumped-element series LC circuit. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-08 Lipi Patel , Samarth Hawaldar , Aditya Panikkar , Athreya Shankar , Baladitya Suri

We developed and experimentally tested a Symmetric Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier (STWPA) based on Three-Wave Mixing, using the new concept of a Symmetric rf- SQUID. This allows to fully control the second and third order…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-04-23 Alessandro Miano , Oleg A. Mukhanov

We have performed a quantum mechanical analysis of travelling-wave parametric amplifiers (TWPAs) in order to investigate five experimental phenomena related to their operations, namely the effect of impedance mismatch, the presence of upper…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-29 Songyuan Zhao , Stafford Withington