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LLMs are typically trained in high-resource languages, and tasks in lower-resourced languages tend to underperform the higher-resource language counterparts for in-context learning. Despite the large body of work on prompting settings, it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Christopher Toukmaji , Jeffrey Flanigan

Auditory Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance across a wide range of speech and audio understanding tasks. Nevertheless, they often struggle when applied to low-resource tasks. In case in-domain labeled data are…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Haolong Zheng , Siyin Wang , Zengrui Jin , Mark Hasegawa-Johnson

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated emergent in-context learning (ICL) capabilities across a range of tasks, including zero-shot time-series forecasting. We show that text-trained foundation models can accurately extrapolate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jiajun Bao , Nicolas Boullé , Toni J. B. Liu , Raphaël Sarfati , Christopher J. Earls

Emotion Recognition in Conversation (ERC) has been widely studied due to its importance in developing emotion-aware empathetic machines. The rise of pre-trained language models (PLMs) has further pushed the limit of ERC performance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yige Xu , Zhiwei Zeng , Zhiqi Shen

While achieving state-of-the-art results in multiple tasks and languages, translation-based cross-lingual transfer is often overlooked in favour of massively multilingual pre-trained encoders. Arguably, this is due to its main limitations:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-26 Edoardo Maria Ponti , Julia Kreutzer , Ivan Vulić , Siva Reddy

Large language models (LLMs) excel at few-shot in-context learning (ICL) -- learning from a few examples provided in context at inference, without any weight updates. Newly expanded context windows allow us to investigate ICL with hundreds…

In NLP, Zero-Shot Classification (ZSC) has become essential for enabling models to classify text into categories unseen during training, particularly in low-resource languages and domains where labeled data is scarce. While pretrained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Fred Philippy , Siwen Guo , Cedric Lothritz , Jacques Klein , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé

Spurred by advancements in scale, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong few-shot learning ability via in-context learning (ICL). However, the performance of ICL has been shown to be highly sensitive to the selection of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Chengwei Qin , Aston Zhang , Chen Chen , Anirudh Dagar , Wenming Ye

Large multilingual pretrained language models such as mBERT and XLM-RoBERTa have been found to be surprisingly effective for cross-lingual transfer of syntactic parsing models (Wu and Dredze 2019), but only between related languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Miryam de Lhoneux , Sheng Zhang , Anders Søgaard

Pretrained language models have improved zero-shot text classification by allowing the transfer of semantic knowledge from the training data in order to classify among specific label sets in downstream tasks. We propose a simple way to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Lingyu Gao , Debanjan Ghosh , Kevin Gimpel

Recent studies have demonstrated that In-Context Learning (ICL), through the use of specific demonstrations, can align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences known as In-Context Alignment (ICA), indicating that models can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Heyan Huang , Yinghao Li , Huashan Sun , Yu Bai , Yang Gao

Zero-shot in-context learning (ZS-ICL) aims to conduct in-context learning (ICL) without using human-annotated demonstrations. Most ZS-ICL methods use large language models (LLMs) to generate (input, label) pairs as pseudo-demonstrations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Xinyu Tang , Xiaolei Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

In-context learning (ICL) allows Transformers to adapt to novel tasks without weight updates, yet the underlying algorithms remain poorly understood. We adopt a statistical decision-theoretic perspective by investigating simple binary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Faris Chaudhry , Siddhant Gadkari

Large language models respond well in high-resource languages like English but struggle in low-resource languages. It may arise from the lack of high-quality instruction following data in these languages. Directly translating English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Chong Li , Wen Yang , Jiajun Zhang , Jinliang Lu , Shaonan Wang , Chengqing Zong

Because it is not feasible to collect training data for every language, there is a growing interest in cross-lingual transfer learning. In this paper, we systematically explore zero-shot cross-lingual transfer learning on reading…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Tsung-yuan Hsu , Chi-liang Liu , Hung-yi Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate proficiency across diverse tasks but often require targeted adaptations for specific applications. Various methods have been proposed to facilitate this adaptation, including fewshot fine-tuning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Rajesh Upadhayaya , Manish Raj Osti , Zachary Smith , Chritopher Kottmyer

The goal of meta-learning is to learn to adapt to a new task with only a few labeled examples. To tackle this problem in NLP, we propose $\textit{in-context tuning}$, which recasts adaptation and prediction as a simple sequence prediction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Yanda Chen , Ruiqi Zhong , Sheng Zha , George Karypis , He He

The in-context learning capabilities of LLMs like GPT-3 allow annotators to customize an LLM to their specific tasks with a small number of examples. However, users tend to include only the most obvious patterns when crafting examples,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Tongshuang Wu , Hua Shen , Daniel S. Weld , Jeffrey Heer , Marco Tulio Ribeiro

Continual learning (CL) can help pre-trained vision-language models efficiently adapt to new or under-trained data distributions without re-training. Nevertheless, during the continual training of the Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Zangwei Zheng , Mingyuan Ma , Kai Wang , Ziheng Qin , Xiangyu Yue , Yang You

The training paradigm for machine translation has gradually shifted, from learning neural machine translation (NMT) models with extensive parallel corpora to instruction finetuning on multilingual large language models (LLMs) with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Pengzhi Gao , Zhongjun He , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang