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Related papers: On the Multilingual Ability of Decoder-based Pre-t…

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Language models are increasingly used not only as standalone predictors but also as components in larger inference systems, from test-time reasoning to multi-model collaboration. We study language model networks, where pre-trained language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Shiguang Wu , Yaqing Wang , Quanming Yao

Transformer language models have received widespread public attention, yet their generated text is often surprising even to NLP researchers. In this survey, we discuss over 250 recent studies of English language model behavior before…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Tyler A. Chang , Benjamin K. Bergen

Multilingual pre-trained language models, such as mBERT and XLM-R, have shown impressive cross-lingual ability. Surprisingly, both of them use multilingual masked language model (MLM) without any cross-lingual supervision or aligned data.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Yuan Chai , Yaobo Liang , Nan Duan

Recent work on discrete speech tokenization has paved the way for models that can seamlessly perform multiple tasks across modalities, e.g., speech recognition, text to speech, speech to speech translation. Moreover, large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Viet Anh Trinh , Rosy Southwell , Yiwen Guan , Xinlu He , Zhiyong Wang , Jacob Whitehill

Despite their popularity in non-English NLP, multilingual language models often underperform monolingual ones due to inter-language competition for model parameters. We propose Cross-lingual Expert Language Models (X-ELM), which mitigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Terra Blevins , Tomasz Limisiewicz , Suchin Gururangan , Margaret Li , Hila Gonen , Noah A. Smith , Luke Zettlemoyer

Various deep learning-based approaches utilizing pre-trained language models (PLMs) have been proposed for automated vulnerability detection. With recent advancements in large language models (LLMs), several studies have begun exploring…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Honglin Shu , Michael Fu , Junji Yu , Dong Wang , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Junjie Chen , Yasutaka Kamei

Multilingual sentence encoders are widely used to transfer NLP models across languages. The success of this transfer is, however, dependent on the model's ability to encode the patterns of cross-lingual similarity and variation. Yet, little…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Rochelle Choenni , Ekaterina Shutova

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional natural language understanding abilities and have excelled in a variety of natural language processing (NLP)tasks in recent years. Despite the fact that most LLMs are trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Xiang Zhang , Senyu Li , Bradley Hauer , Ning Shi , Grzegorz Kondrak

All natural languages are structured hierarchically. In humans, this structural restriction is neurologically coded: when two grammars are presented with identical vocabularies, brain areas responsible for language processing are only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Aruna Sankaranarayanan , Dylan Hadfield-Menell , Aaron Mueller

Large language models (LLMs) have shown significant multilingual capabilities. However, the mechanisms underlying the development of these capabilities during pre-training are not well understood. In this paper, we use code LLMs as an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Jiawei Chen , Wentao Chen , Jing Su , Jingjing Xu , Hongyu Lin , Mengjie Ren , Yaojie Lu , Xianpei Han , Le Sun

Transfer learning based on pretraining language models on a large amount of raw data has become a new norm to reach state-of-the-art performance in NLP. Still, it remains unclear how this approach should be applied for unseen languages that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Benjamin Muller , Antonis Anastasopoulos , Benoît Sagot , Djamé Seddah

Recent studies have showcased remarkable capabilities of decoder-only models in many NLP tasks, including translation. Yet, the machine translation field has been largely dominated by encoder-decoder models based on the Transformer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Gaëtan Caillaut , Raheel Qader , Mariam Nakhlé , Jingshu Liu , Jean-Gabriel Barthélemy

Most existing models for multilingual natural language processing (NLP) treat language as a discrete category, and make predictions for either one language or the other. In contrast, we propose using continuous vector representations of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-03-21 Robert Östling , Jörg Tiedemann

In this paper, we propose the first multilingual study on definition modeling. We use monolingual dictionary data for four new languages (Spanish, French, Portuguese, and German) and perform an in-depth empirical study to test the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Edison Marrese-Taylor , Erica K. Shimomoto , Alfredo Solano , Enrique Reid

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning and self-correction abilities in high-resource languages like English, but their performance remains limited in low-resource languages such as Korean. In this study, we investigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Hongjin Kim , Jaewook Lee , Kiyoung Lee , Jong-hun Shin , Soojong Lim , Oh-Woog Kwon

The vast majority of today's large language models (LLMs) are English-centric, having been pretrained predominantly on English text. Yet, in order to meet user expectations, models need to be able to respond appropriately in multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Tannon Kew , Florian Schottmann , Rico Sennrich

Incorporating stronger syntactic biases into neural language models (LMs) is a long-standing goal, but research in this area often focuses on modeling English text, where constituent treebanks are readily available. Extending constituent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Shunsuke Kando , Hiroshi Noji , Yusuke Miyao

LLMs are multilingual by training, yet their lingua franca is often English, reflecting English language dominance in pretraining. Other languages remain in parametric memory but are systematically suppressed. We argue that language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Anusa Saha , Tanmay Joshi , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha , Amitava Das

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive translation capabilities even without being explicitly trained on parallel data. This remarkable property has led some to believe that parallel data is no longer necessary for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Muhammad Reza Qorib , Junyi Li , Hwee Tou Ng

Recent studies have demonstrated the efficiency of generative pretraining for English natural language understanding. In this work, we extend this approach to multiple languages and show the effectiveness of cross-lingual pretraining. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Guillaume Lample , Alexis Conneau