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Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) delivers strong cross modal generalization by aligning images and texts in a shared embedding space, yet it persistently fails at compositional reasoning over objects, attributes, and relations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Ziliang Chen , Tianang Xiao , Jusheng Zhang , Yongsen Zheng , Xipeng Chen

Contemporary large-scale visual language models (VLMs) exhibit strong representation capacities, making them ubiquitous for enhancing image and text understanding tasks. They are often trained in a contrastive manner on a large and diverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Ugur Sahin , Hang Li , Qadeer Khan , Daniel Cremers , Volker Tresp

Vision-language models such as CLIP have shown impressive capabilities in encoding texts and images into aligned embeddings, enabling the retrieval of multimodal data in a shared embedding space. However, these embedding-based models still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Timothy Ossowski , Ming Jiang , Junjie Hu

We investigate 17 benchmarks (e.g. SugarCREPE, VALSE) commonly used for measuring compositional understanding capabilities of vision-language models (VLMs). We scrutinize design choices in their construction, including data source (e.g.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Vishaal Udandarao , Mehdi Cherti , Shyamgopal Karthik , Jenia Jitsev , Samuel Albanie , Matthias Bethge

Obtaining human-like performance in NLP is often argued to require compositional generalisation. Whether neural networks exhibit this ability is usually studied by training models on highly compositional synthetic data. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Verna Dankers , Elia Bruni , Dieuwke Hupkes

Recent advancements in text-to-image models, particularly diffusion models, have shown significant promise. However, compositional text-to-image models frequently encounter difficulties in generating high-quality images that accurately…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Song Wen , Guian Fang , Renrui Zhang , Peng Gao , Hao Dong , Dimitris Metaxas

Vision and language models (VLMs) such as CLIP have showcased remarkable zero-shot recognition abilities yet face challenges in visio-linguistic compositionality, particularly in linguistic comprehension and fine-grained image-text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Youngtaek Oh , Pyunghwan Ahn , Jinhyung Kim , Gwangmo Song , Soonyoung Lee , In So Kweon , Junmo Kim

Contact between languages has the potential to transmit vocabulary and other language features; however, this does not always happen. Here, an iterated learning model is used to examine, in a simple way, the resistance of languages to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Seth Bullock , Conor Houghton

Advanced diffusion models like RPG, Stable Diffusion 3 and FLUX have made notable strides in compositional text-to-image generation. However, these methods typically exhibit distinct strengths for compositional generation, with some…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Xinchen Zhang , Ling Yang , Guohao Li , Yaqi Cai , Jiake Xie , Yong Tang , Yujiu Yang , Mengdi Wang , Bin Cui

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enabled automated generation of structured layouts from natural language descriptions. Existing methods typically follow a code-only paradigm that generates code to represent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Junrong Guo , Shancheng Fang , Yadong Qu , Hongtao Xie

The advent of large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) has significantly advanced multimodal understanding, enabling more sophisticated and accurate integration of visual and textual information across various tasks, including image and video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Hang Hua , Yunlong Tang , Ziyun Zeng , Liangliang Cao , Zhengyuan Yang , Hangfeng He , Chenliang Xu , Jiebo Luo

Human learning embodies a striking duality: sometimes, we appear capable of following logical, compositional rules and benefit from structured curricula (e.g., in formal education), while other times, we rely on an incremental approach or…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Jacob Russin , Ellie Pavlick , Michael J. Frank

Recent advances in vision language models (VLM) have been driven by contrastive models such as CLIP, which learn to associate visual information with their corresponding text descriptions. However, these models have limitations in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Rim Assouel , Pietro Astolfi , Florian Bordes , Michal Drozdzal , Adriana Romero-Soriano

Compositional generalization has achieved substantial progress in computer vision on pre-collected training data. Nonetheless, real-world data continually emerges, with possible compositions being nearly infinite, long-tailed, and not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Zhen Li , Yuwei Wu , Chenchen Jing , Che Sun , Chuanhao Li , Yunde Jia

We propose InternLM-XComposer, a vision-language large model that enables advanced image-text comprehension and composition. The innovative nature of our model is highlighted by three appealing properties: 1) Interleaved Text-Image…

Given a query composed of a reference image and a relative caption, the Composed Image Retrieval goal is to retrieve images visually similar to the reference one that integrates the modifications expressed by the caption. Given that recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Alberto Baldrati , Marco Bertini , Tiberio Uricchio , Alberto del Bimbo

Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit unexpected errors or unintended behavior, even at scale. While recent work reveals the discrepancy between LLMs and humans in skill compositions, the learning dynamics of skill compositions and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Xingyu Zhao , Darsh Sharma , Rheeya Uppaal , Yiqiao Zhong

Compositional generalization, the ability to recognize familiar parts in novel contexts, is a defining property of intelligent systems. Although modern models are trained on massive datasets, they still cover only a tiny fraction of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Arnas Uselis , Andrea Dittadi , Seong Joon Oh

Class-incremental learning requires a learning system to continually learn knowledge of new classes and meanwhile try to preserve previously learned knowledge of old classes. As current state-of-the-art methods based on Vision-Language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Jiantao Tan , Peixian Ma , Tong Yu , Wentao Zhang , Ruixuan Wang

Contrastive learning has revolutionized the field of computer vision, learning rich representations from unlabeled data, which generalize well to diverse vision tasks. Consequently, it has become increasingly important to explain these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Fawaz Sammani , Boris Joukovsky , Nikos Deligiannis