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Saliency maps have become a widely used method to assess which areas of the input image are most pertinent to the prediction of a trained neural network. However, in the context of medical imaging, there is no study to our knowledge that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Nishanth Thumbavanam Arun , Nathan Gaw , Praveer Singh , Ken Chang , Katharina Viktoria Hoebel , Jay Patel , Mishka Gidwani , Jayashree Kalpathy-Cramer

A particular class of Explainable AI (XAI) methods provide saliency maps to highlight part of the image a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model looks at to classify the image as a way to explain its working. These methods provide an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Sam Zabdiel Sunder Samuel , Vidhya Kamakshi , Namrata Lodhi , Narayanan C Krishnan

Saliency maps have become one of the most widely used interpretability techniques for convolutional neural networks (CNN) due to their simplicity and the quality of the insights they provide. However, there are still some doubts about…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Oscar Llorente , Jaime Boal , Eugenio F. Sánchez-Úbeda

As Deep Neural Network models for face processing tasks approach human-like performance, their deployment in critical applications such as law enforcement and access control has seen an upswing, where any failure may have far-reaching…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Thrupthi Ann John , Vineeth N Balasubramanian , C V Jawahar

Post-hoc explanation methods, e.g., Grad-CAM, enable humans to inspect the spatial regions responsible for a particular network decision. However, it is shown that such explanations are not always consistent with human priors, such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Vipin Pillai , Soroush Abbasi Koohpayegani , Ashley Ouligian , Dennis Fong , Hamed Pirsiavash

In recent years, several Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation (WS3) methods have been proposed that use class activation maps (CAMs) generated by a classifier to produce pseudo-ground truths for training segmentation models. While CAMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-23 M. Maruf , Arka Daw , Amartya Dutta , Jie Bu , Anuj Karpatne

Gaining insight into how deep convolutional neural network models perform image classification and how to explain their outputs have been a concern to computer vision researchers and decision makers. These deep models are often referred to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Daniel Omeiza , Skyler Speakman , Celia Cintas , Komminist Weldermariam

The convolutional neural network (CNN) has become a powerful tool for various biomedical image analysis tasks, but there is a lack of visual explanation for the machinery of CNNs. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-08 Guannan Zhao , Bo Zhou , Kaiwen Wang , Rui Jiang , Min Xu

We present a set of metrics that utilize vision priors to effectively assess the performance of saliency methods on image classification tasks. To understand behavior in deep learning models, many methods provide visual saliency maps…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Rangel Daroya , Aaron Sun , Subhransu Maji

Explanation methods facilitate the development of models that learn meaningful concepts and avoid exploiting spurious correlations. We illustrate a previously unrecognized limitation of the popular neural network explanation method…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-23 Rachel Lea Draelos , Lawrence Carin

The need for Explainable AI is increasing with the development of deep learning. The saliency maps derived from convolutional neural networks generally fail in localizing with accuracy the image features justifying the network prediction.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Alexandre Englebert , Olivier Cornu , Christophe De Vleeschouwer

Visualizing CNN is an important part in building trust and explaining model's prediction. Methods like CAM and GradCAM have been really successful in localizing area of the image responsible for the output but are only limited to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Mudit Bachhawat

Recently, applying deep neural networks in IR has become an important and timely topic. For instance, Neural Ranking Models(NRMs) have shown promising performance compared to the traditional ranking models. However, explaining the ranking…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-05-13 Jaekeol Choi , Jungin Choi , Wonjong Rhee

Most of the saliency methods are evaluated on their ability to generate saliency maps, and not on their functionality in a complete vision pipeline, like for instance, image classification. In the current paper, we propose an approach which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Carola Figueroa-Flores , Bogdan Raducanu , David Berga , Joost van de Weijer

We describe an explainable AI saliency map method for use with deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) that is much more efficient than popular fine-resolution gradient methods. It is also quantitatively similar or better in accuracy. Our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-11 T. Nathan Mundhenk , Barry Y. Chen , Gerald Friedland

We consider a light-weight method which allows to improve the explainability of localized classification networks. The method considers (Grad)CAM maps during the training process by modification of the training loss and does not require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Alfred Schöttl

Class Activation Mapping (CAM) and its gradient-based variants (e.g., GradCAM) have become standard tools for explaining Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) predictions. However, these approaches typically focus on individual logits, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Jacob Piland , Chris Sweet , Adam Czajka

To have a better understanding and usage of Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs), the visualization and interpretation of CNNs has attracted increasing attention in recent years. In particular, several Class Activation Mapping (CAM) methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Ruigang Fu , Qingyong Hu , Xiaohu Dong , Yulan Guo , Yinghui Gao , Biao Li

Clinical applicability of automated decision support systems depends on a robust, well-understood classification interpretation. Artificial neural networks while achieving class-leading scores fall short in this regard. Therefore, numerous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-06 David Major , Dimitrios Lenis , Maria Wimmer , Gert Sluiter , Astrid Berg , Katja Bühler

Interpretability is a critical factor in applying complex deep learning models to advance the understanding of brain disorders in neuroimaging studies. To interpret the decision process of a trained classifier, existing techniques typically…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-29 Zixuan Liu , Ehsan Adeli , Kilian M. Pohl , Qingyu Zhao