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Supervised machine learning assumes the availability of fully-labeled data, but in many cases, such as low-resource languages, the only data available is partially annotated. We study the problem of Named Entity Recognition (NER) with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Stephen Mayhew , Snigdha Chaturvedi , Chen-Tse Tsai , Dan Roth

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has rapidly increased the need for high-quality, curated information retrieval datasets. These datasets, however, are currently created with off-the-shelf…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Sameh Khattab , Marie Bauer , Lukas Heine , Till Rostalski , Jens Kleesiek , Julian Friedrich

This study addresses the critical challenges of assessing foundational academic skills by leveraging advancements in natural language processing (NLP). Traditional assessment methods often struggle to provide timely and comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Xinyi Huang , Yingyi Wu , Danyang Zhang , Jiacheng Hu , Yujian Long

Technology acceptance models effectively predict how users will adopt new technology products. Traditional surveys, often expensive and cumbersome, are commonly used for this assessment. As an alternative to surveys, we explore the use of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Pawel Robert Smolinski , Joseph Januszewicz , Jacek Winiarski

Evaluating the quality of arguments is a crucial aspect of any system leveraging argument mining. However, it is a challenge to obtain reliable and consistent annotations regarding argument quality, as this usually requires domain-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Nailia Mirzakhmedova , Marcel Gohsen , Chia Hao Chang , Benno Stein

This paper presents a case study on deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) as an advanced "annotation" mechanism to achieve nuanced content understanding (e.g., discerning content "vibe") at scale within a large-scale industrial short-form…

With increasing applications in areas such as biomedical information extraction pipelines and social media analytics, Named Entity Recognition (NER) has become an indispensable tool for knowledge extraction. However, with the gradual shift…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Supriti Vijay , Aman Priyanshu

Named Entity Recognition (NER) serves as a foundational component in many natural language processing (NLP) pipelines. However, current NER models typically output a single predicted label sequence without any accompanying measure of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Matthew Singer , Srijan Sengupta , Karl Pazdernik

When performing named entity recognition (NER), entity length is variable and dependent on a specific domain or dataset. Pre-trained language models (PLMs) are used to solve NER tasks and tend to be biased toward dataset patterns such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Minbyul Jeong , Jaewoo Kang

Speech Entity Linking aims to recognize and disambiguate named entities in spoken languages. Conventional methods suffer gravely from the unfettered speech styles and the noisy transcripts generated by ASR systems. In this paper, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Shen Huang , Yuchen Zhai , Xinwei Long , Yong Jiang , Xiaobin Wang , Yin Zhang , Pengjun Xie

Named entity recognition (NER) models are typically based on the architecture of Bi-directional LSTM (BiLSTM). The constraints of sequential nature and the modeling of single input prevent the full utilization of global information from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-20 Ying Luo , Fengshun Xiao , Hai Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4o can help automate text classification tasks at low cost and scale. However, there are major concerns about the validity and reliability of LLM outputs. By contrast, human coding is generally more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Conrad Borchers , Danielle R. Thomas , Jionghao Lin , Ralph Abboud , Kenneth R. Koedinger

Event annotation is important for identifying market changes, monitoring breaking news, and understanding sociological trends. Although expert annotators set the gold standards, human coding is expensive and inefficient. Unlike information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Feng Gu , Zongxia Li , Carlos Rafael Colon , Benjamin Evans , Ishani Mondal , Jordan Lee Boyd-Graber

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in handling complex dialogue tasks without requiring use case-specific fine-tuning. However, analyzing live dialogues in real-time necessitates low-latency processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Xuanqing Liu , Luyang Kong , Wei Niu , Afshin Khashei , Belinda Zeng , Steve Johnson , Jon Jay , Davor Golac , Matt Pope

Building high-quality datasets and labeling query-document relevance are essential yet resource-intensive tasks, requiring detailed guidelines and substantial effort from human annotators. This paper explores the use of small, fine-tuned…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Quentin Fitte-Rey , Matyas Amrouche , Romain Deveaud

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, the need for precise and efficient evaluation metrics becomes more pressing. Traditional approaches, while informative, often face limitations in computational demands and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 James Vo

This paper presents a framework for Named Entity Recognition (NER) leveraging the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model in natural language processing (NLP). NER is a fundamental task in NLP with broad…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Mo Sun , Siheng Xiong , Yuankai Cai , Bowen Zuo

Data imbalance presents a significant challenge in various machine learning (ML) tasks, particularly named entity recognition (NER) within natural language processing (NLP). NER exhibits a data imbalance with a long-tail distribution,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Sota Nemoto , Shunsuke Kitada , Hitoshi Iyatomi

Named entity recognition (NER) is the task to identify mentions of rigid designators from text belonging to predefined semantic types such as person, location, organization etc. NER always serves as the foundation for many natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Jing Li , Aixin Sun , Jianglei Han , Chenliang Li

While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable performance on zero-shot annotation tasks, they often struggle with the specialized conventions of gold-standard benchmarks. We propose the systematic reuse and refinement of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Kon Woo Kim , Jin-Dong Kim , Akiko Aizawa