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We use density matrix simulations to study the performance of three distance three quantum error correcting codes in the context of the rare-earth-ion-doped crystal (RE) platform for quantum computing. We analyze pseudothresholds for these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-22 Arvid Rolander , Adam Kinos , Andreas Walther

This is a comprehensive review on fault-tolerant topological quantum computation with the surface codes. The basic concepts and useful tools underlying fault-tolerant quantum computation, such as universal quantum computation, stabilizer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-08 Keisuke Fujii

While originally motivated by quantum computation, quantum error correction (QEC) is currently providing valuable insights into many-body quantum physics such as topological phases of matter. Furthermore, mounting evidence originating from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-19 Fernando Pastawski , Jens Eisert , Henrik Wilming

Given a quantum gate circuit, how does one execute it in a fault-tolerant architecture with as little overhead as possible? In this paper, we discuss strategies for surface-code quantum computing on small, intermediate and large scales.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-07 Daniel Litinski

In this short review, I draw attention to new developments in the theory of fault tolerance in quantum computation that may give concrete direction to future work in the development of superconducting qubit systems. The basics of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 David P. DiVincenzo

Transversal implementations of encoded unitary gates are highly desirable for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Though transversal gates alone cannot be computationally universal, they can be combined with specially distilled resource…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-05 Adam Paetznick , Ben W. Reichardt

Quantum computing leverages quantum mechanics to achieve computational advantages over classical hardware, but the use of third-party quantum compilers in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era introduces risks of intellectual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-21 Amal Raj , Vivek Balachandran

Topological quantum error correction is a milestone in the scaling roadmap of quantum computers, which targets circuits with trillions of gates that would allow running quantum algorithms for real-world problems. The square-lattice surface…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-12 César Benito , Esperanza López , Borja Peropadre , Alejandro Bermudez

Quantum error correction (QEC) is crucial for ensuring the reliability of quantum computers. However, implementing QEC often requires a significant number of qubits, leading to substantial overhead. One of the major challenges in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-26 Avimita Chatterjee , Archisman Ghosh , Swaroop Ghosh

Surface codes can protect quantum information stored in qubits from local errors as long as the per-operation error rate is below a certain threshold. Here we propose holonomic surface codes by harnessing the quantum holonomy of the system.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-07 Jiang Zhang , Simon J. Devitt , J. Q. You , Franco Nori

Fault-tolerant quantum error correction provides a strategy to protect information processed by a quantum computer against noise which would otherwise corrupt the data. A fault-tolerant universal quantum computer must implement a universal…

The large overhead imposed by quantum error correction is a critical challenge to the realization of quantum computers, and motivates searching for alternative error correcting codes and fault-tolerant circuit constructions. Postselection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 J. Wilson Staples , Winston Fu , Jeff D. Thompson

There is no unique way to encode a quantum algorithm into a quantum circuit. With limited qubit counts, connectivities, and coherence times, circuit optimization is essential to make the best use of near-term quantum devices. We introduce…

Quantum error correction (QEC) plays a crucial role in correcting noise and paving the way for fault-tolerant quantum computing. This field has seen significant advancements, with new quantum error correction codes emerging regularly to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 Avimita Chatterjee , Subrata Das , Swaroop Ghosh

Transversal gates play an important role in the theory of fault-tolerant quantum computation due to their simplicity and robustness to noise. By definition, transversal operators do not couple physical subsystems within the same code block.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Bryan Eastin , Emanuel Knill

As there is no quantum error correction code with universal set of transversal gates, several approaches have been proposed which, in combination of transversal gates, make universal fault-tolerant quantum computation possible. Magic state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-16 Eesa Nikahd , Morteza Saheb Zamani , Mehdi Sedighi

Quantum Computing allows, in principle, the encoding of the exponentially scaling many-electron wave function onto a linearly scaling qubit register, offering a promising solution to overcome the limitations of traditional quantum chemistry…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 C. Feniou , O. Adjoua , B. Claudon , J. Zylberman , E. Giner , J. -P. Piquemal

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for building scalable quantum computers, but a lack of systematic, end-to-end evaluation methods makes it difficult to assess how different QEC codes perform under realistic conditions. The vast…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Aleksandra Świerkowska , Jannik Pflieger , Emmanouil Giortamis , Pramod Bhatotia

Quantum state preparation is an important subroutine for quantum computing. We show that any $n$-qubit quantum state can be prepared with a $\Theta(n)$-depth circuit using only single- and two-qubit gates, although with a cost of an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-25 Xiao-Ming Zhang , Tongyang Li , Xiao Yuan

Magic states are a foundational resource for universal quantum computation. To survive in a realistic noisy environment, magic states must be prepared fault-tolerantly and protected by a quantum error-correcting code. The recent discovery…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-02 Dominic J. Williamson
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