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We present GeoGrid-Bench, a benchmark designed to evaluate the ability of foundation models to understand geo-spatial data in the grid structure. Geo-spatial datasets pose distinct challenges due to their dense numerical values, strong…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Bowen Jiang , Yangxinyu Xie , Xiaomeng Wang , Jiashu He , Joshua Bergerson , John K Hutchison , Jordan Branham , Camillo J Taylor , Tanwi Mallick

Fine-grained high-resolution remote sensing mapping typically relies on localized visual features, which restricts cross-domain generalizability and often leads to fragmented predictions of large-scale land covers. While global geospatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Jienan Lyu , Miao Yang , Jinchen Cai , Yiwen Hu , Guanyi Lu , Junhao Qiu , Runmin Dong

The rapid advancement of autonomous systems, including self-driving vehicles and drones, has intensified the need to forge true Spatial Intelligence from multi-modal onboard sensor data. While foundation models excel in single-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Song Wang , Lingdong Kong , Xiaolu Liu , Hao Shi , Wentong Li , Jianke Zhu , Steven C. H. Hoi

The success of foundation models in language has inspired a new wave of general-purpose models for human mobility. However, existing approaches struggle to scale effectively due to two fundamental limitations: a failure to use meaningful…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Chonghua Han , Yuan Yuan , Jingtao Ding , Jie Feng , Fanjin Meng , Yong Li

Recently, large multimodal models have built a bridge from visual to textual information, but they tend to underperform in remote sensing scenarios. This underperformance is due to the complex distribution of objects and the significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Cong Yang , Zuchao Li , Lefei Zhang

The evolution of mobile mapping systems (MMSs) has gained more attention in the past few decades. MMSs have been widely used to provide valuable assets in different applications. This has been facilitated by the wide availability of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Mostafa Elhashash , Hessah Albanwan , Rongjun Qin

Urban region function recognition plays a vital character in monitoring and managing the limited urban areas. Since urban functions are complex and full of social-economic properties, simply using remote sensing~(RS) images equipped with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Wenjia Xu , Jiuniu Wang , Yirong Wu

Traditional radio map estimation (RME) techniques fail to capture multi-dimensional and dynamic characteristics of complex spectrum environments. Recent data-driven methods achieve accurate RME in spatial domain, but ignore physical prior…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-27 Dong Yang , Yue Wang , Songyang Zhang , Yingshu Li , Zhipeng Cai , Zhi Tian

Current learning-based wireless methods struggle with generalization due to the fragmented processing of communication and sensing data. WiFo-MiSAC addresses this as a task-agnostic foundation model that tokenizes heterogeneous signals into…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Xuanyu Liu , Shijian Gao , Boxun Liu , Xiang Cheng , Liuqing Yang

Spectral imaging data acquired via multispectral and hyperspectral cameras can have hundreds of channels, where each channel records the reflectance at a specific wavelength and bandwidth. Time and resource constraints limit our ability to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 William Michael Laprade , Jesper Cairo Westergaard , Svend Christensen , Mads Nielsen , Anders Bjorholm Dahl

Geospatial Foundation Models (GFMs) have emerged as powerful tools for extracting representations from Earth observation data, but their evaluation remains inconsistent and narrow. Existing works often evaluate on suboptimal downstream…

Geospatial foundation models (GFMs) have been proposed as generalizable backbones for disaster response, land-cover mapping, food-security monitoring, and other high-stakes Earth-observation tasks. Yet the published work about these models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Isaac Corley , Nils Lehmann , Caleb Robinson , Gabriel Tseng , Anthony Fuller , Hamed Alemohammad , Evan Shelhamer , Jennifer Marcus , Hannah Kerner

Image retrieval enables an efficient search through vast amounts of satellite imagery and returns similar images to a query. Deep learning models can identify images across various semantic concepts without the need for annotations. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Benedikt Blumenstiel , Viktoria Moor , Romeo Kienzler , Thomas Brunschwiler

Considerable advancements have been achieved in SLAM methods tailored for structured environments, yet their robustness under challenging corner cases remains a critical limitation. Although multi-sensor fusion approaches integrating…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Deteng Zhang , Junjie Zhang , Yan Sun , Tao Li , Hao Yin , Hongzhao Xie , Jie Yin

Foundation models, as a mainstream technology in artificial intelligence, have demonstrated immense potential across various domains in recent years, particularly in handling complex tasks and multimodal data. In the field of geophysics,…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-04-28 Hanlin Sheng , Xinming Wu , Hang Gao , Haibin Di , Sergey Fomel , Jintao Li , Xu Si

While image registration has been studied in remote sensing community for decades, registering multimodal data [e.g., optical, LiDAR, SAR, and map] remains a challenging problem because of significant nonlinear intensity differences between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Yuanxin Ye , Lorenzo Bruzzone , Jie Shan , Francesca Bovolo , Qing Zhu

Multimodal Sentiment Analysis (MSA) leverages multiple data modals to analyze human sentiment. Existing MSA models generally employ cutting-edge multimodal fusion and representation learning-based methods to promote MSA capability. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Yijie Jin

Recent advances in CV and NLP have inspired researchers to develop general-purpose graph foundation models through pre-training across diverse domains. However, a fundamental challenge arises from the substantial differences in graph…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Shuo Wang , Bokui Wang , Zhixiang Shen , Boyan Deng , Zhao Kang

Existing deep learning methods for remote sensing image fusion often suffer from poor generalization when applied to unseen datasets due to the limited availability of real training data and the domain gap between different satellite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Yongchuan Cui , Peng Liu , Yi Zeng

Multimodal change detection (MMCD) identifies changed areas in multimodal remote sensing (RS) data, demonstrating significant application value in land use monitoring, disaster assessment, and urban sustainable development. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Xuanguang Liu , Lei Ding , Yujie Li , Chenguang Dai , Zhenchao Zhang , Mengmeng Li , Ziyi Yang , Yifan Sun , Yongqi Sun , Hanyun Wang
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