Related papers: Reconstructing Robust Background IFU spectra using…
A noise-based non-parametric technique for detecting nebulous objects, for example, irregular or clumpy galaxies, and their structure in noise is introduced. "Noise-based" and "non-parametric" imply that this technique imposes negligible…
Ultrasound imaging is widely used for real-time, noninvasive diagnosis, but speckle and related artifacts reduce image quality and can hinder interpretation. We present a diffusion-based ultrasound despeckling method built on the Image…
Resonant anomaly detection is a promising framework for model-independent searches for new particles. Weakly supervised resonant anomaly detection methods compare data with a potential signal against a template of the Standard Model (SM)…
We present a multi-scale, multi-wavelength source extraction algorithm called getsources. Although it has been designed primarily for use in the far-infrared surveys of Galactic star-forming regions with Herschel, the method can be applied…
Spectroscopy is one of the most important tools that an astronomer has for studying the universe. This chapter begins by discussing the basics, including the different types of optical spectrographs, with extension to the ultraviolet and…
In the search for stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds (SGWB) of cosmological origin with LISA, it is crucial to account for realistic complications in the noise and astrophysical foreground modeling that may impact the signal…
HI intensity mapping is an emerging tool to probe dark energy. Observations of the redshifted HI signal will be contaminated by instrumental noise, atmospheric and Galactic foregrounds. The latter is expected to be four orders of magnitude…
Spectral imaging is a method in medical x-ray imaging to extract information about the object constituents by the material-specific energy dependence of x-ray attenuation. Contrast-enhanced spectral imaging has been thoroughly investigated,…
The Independent Component Analysis (ICA) algorithm is implemented as a neural network for separating signals of different origin in astrophysical sky maps. Due to its self-organizing capability, it works without prior assumptions on the…
Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) reconstructs a super-resolved image from multiple raw images captured with different illumination patterns; hence, acquisition speed is limited, making it unsuitable for dynamic scenes. We propose a…
We have developed and characterized an imaging instrument to measure the spatial properties of the diffuse near-infrared extragalactic background light in a search for fluctuations from z > 6 galaxies during the epoch of reionization. The…
We present a new method to subtract sky light from faint object observations with fiber-fed spectrographs. The algorithm has been developed in the framework of the phase A of OPTIMOS-EVE, an optical-to-IR multi-object spectrograph for the…
Background modeling has emerged as a popular foreground detection technique for various applications in video surveillance. Background modeling methods have become increasing efficient in robustly modeling the background and hence detecting…
Spectroscopy infers the internal structure of physical systems by measuring their response to perturbations. We apply this principle to neural networks: perturbing the data distribution by upweighting a token $y$ in context $x$, we measure…
Background modeling is a critical component for various vision-based applications. Most traditional methods tend to be inefficient when solving large-scale problems. In this paper, we introduce sparse representation into the task of large…
This work studies the recursive robust principal components' analysis (PCA) problem. Here, "robust" refers to robustness to both independent and correlated sparse outliers, although we focus on the latter. A key application where this…
Context: Astronomical imaging aims to maximize signal capture while minimizing noise. Enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio directly on detectors is difficult and expensive, leading to extensive research in advanced post-processing…
The general context of this study is the inversion of stellar fundamental parameters from high-resolution Echelle spectra. We aim at developing a fast and reliable tool for the post-processing of spectra produced, in particular, by the…
Background fluorescence, especially when it exhibits undesired spatial features, is a primary factor for reduced image quality in optical microscopy. Structured background is particularly detrimental when analyzing single-molecule images…
Observations of 21cm line from neutral hydrogen promise to be an exciting new probe of astrophysics and cosmology during the Cosmic Dawn and through the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) to when dark energy accelerates the expansion of the…