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Beyond diagonal intelligent reflecting surface (BD-IRS) is a new promising IRS architecture for which the reflection matrix is not limited to the diagonal structure as for conventional IRS. In this paper, we study a BD-IRS aided uplink…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Shuo Zheng , Shuowen Zhang

We study channel estimation for a beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) aided multiple input single output system. We first describe the channel estimation strategy based on the least square (LS) method, derive the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-27 Hongyu Li , Yumeng Zhang , Bruno Clerckx

The use of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) for aiding user-specific transmission has been widely explored. However, little attention has been devoted to utilizing RIS for assisting cell-specific transmission, where the RIS needs…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-26 Parisa Ramezani , Maksym A. Girnyk , Emil Björnson

More and more applications that require high reliability and fault tolerance are realized with wireless network architectures and thus ultimately rely on the wireless channels, which can be subject to impairments and blockages. Hence, these…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-02 Kevin Weinberger , Robert-Jeron Reifert , Aydin Sezgin , Ertugrul Basar

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is commonly made of low-cost passive and reflective meta-materials with excellent beam steering capabilities. It is applied to enhance wireless communication systems as a customizable signal…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-16 Kun Chen-Hu , Petar Popovski

The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), which consists of a large number of passive and low-cost reflecting elements, has been recognized as a revolutionary technology to enhance the performance of future wireless networks. This paper…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-25 Linsong Du , Shihai Shao Gang Yang , Jianhui Ma , Qinpeng Liang , Youxi Tang

Although reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) can improve the performance of wireless networks by smartly reconfiguring the radio environment, existing passive RISs face two key challenges, i.e., double-fading attenuation and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-05 Wen Wang , Wanli Ni , Hui Tian , Naofal Al-Dhahir

The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology for metasurfaces is ushering in a new paradigm for wireless communication systems. It provides an accessible way for controlling the interaction between electromagnetic waves with the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 P. H. C. de Souza , M. Khazaee , L. L. Mendes

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) or intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has recently been envisioned as one of the most promising technologies in the future sixth-generation (6G) communications. In this paper, we consider the joint…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Zhangjie Peng , Zhiwei Chen , Cunhua Pan , Gui Zhou , Hong Ren

The plethora of wirelessly connected devices, whose deployment density is expected to largely increase in the upcoming sixth Generation (6G) of wireless networks, will naturally necessitate substantial advances in multiple access schemes.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Konstantinos D. Katsanos , Paolo Di Lorenzo , George C. Alexandropoulos

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have emerged as a spectrum- and energy-efficient technology to enhance the coverage of wireless communications within the upcoming 6G networks. Recently, novel extensions of this technology,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-07 Mostafa Samy , Hayder Al-Hraishawi , Abuzar B. M. Adam , Konstantinos Ntontin , Symeon Chatzinotas , Björn Otteresten

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs), comprising large numbers of low-cost and passive metamaterials with tunable reflection properties, have been recently proposed as an enabler for programmable radio propagation environments.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Aris L. Moustakas , George C. Alexandropoulos , Mérouane Debbah

The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has attracted considerable attention of both academia and industry in recent years, given its capacity to dynamically manipulate the reflection of incident electromagnetic waves. Although the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Pedro H. C. de Souza , Luciano Mendes

The shift toward sixth-generation (6G) wireless communications demands transceiver architectures that simultaneously support high-data-rate communications, pervasive sensing, and sub-meter-level localization. Beyond these performance…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Mahmoud Raeisi , Ayoub Ammar Boudjelal , Henk Wymeersch , Ertugrul Basar , Huseyin Arslan

This paper proposes a general optimization framework for rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) in beyond diagonal (BD) reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assisted ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) systems. This…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Mohammad Soleymani , Ignacio Santamaria , Eduard Jorswieck , Bruno Clerckx

This work focuses on the synergy of rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) and beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) to enlarge the coverage, improve the performance, and save on antennas. Specifically, we employ a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

We consider the optimization of beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS)-aided multi-user (MU) cell-free (CF)-massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems, where the propagation environment design achieved…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-18 Iván Alexander Morales Sandoval , Marko Fidanovski , Hyeon Seok Rou , Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas de Abreu , Emil Björnson

Benefiting from its capability to generalize existing reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) architectures and provide additional design flexibility via interactions between RIS elements, beyond-diagonal RIS (BD-RIS) has attracted…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-20 Xiaohua Zhou , Tianyu Fang , Yijie Mao

This letter considers a beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) aided integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system, where the BD-RIS can help a multi-antenna base station (BS) serve multiple user equipments (UEs)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-18 Xiaoqi Zhang , Liang Liu , Shuowen Zhang , Weifeng Zhu , Haijun Zhang

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) architectures not limited to diagonal phase shift matrices have recently been considered to increase their flexibility in shaping the wireless channel. One of these beyond-diagonal RIS or BD-RIS…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Ignacio Santamaria , Mohammad Soleymani , Eduard Jorswieck , Jesus Gutierrez
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