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Recent advancements have explored text-to-image diffusion models for synthesizing out-of-distribution (OOD) samples, substantially enhancing the performance of OOD detection. However, existing approaches typically rely on perturbing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Xin Gao , Jiyao Liu , Guanghao Li , Yueming Lyu , Jianxiong Gao , Weichen Yu , Ningsheng Xu , Liang Wang , Caifeng Shan , Ziwei Liu , Chenyang Si

Predictive machine learning models generally excel on in-distribution data, but their performance degrades on out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. Reliable deployment therefore requires robust OOD detection, yet this is particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 David Graber , Victor Armegioiu , Rebecca Buller , Siddhartha Mishra

Generative models have the potential to accelerate key steps in the discovery of novel molecular therapeutics and materials. Diffusion models have recently emerged as a powerful approach, excelling at unconditional sample generation and,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-17 Leo Klarner , Tim G. J. Rudner , Garrett M. Morris , Charlotte M. Deane , Yee Whye Teh

The open-world test dataset is often mixed with out-of-distribution (OOD) samples, where the deployed models will struggle to make accurate predictions. Traditional detection methods need to trade off OOD detection and in-distribution (ID)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Xu Shen , Yili Wang , Kaixiong Zhou , Shirui Pan , Xin Wang

Harnessing the power of diffusion models to synthesize auxiliary training data based on latent space features has proven effective in enhancing out-of-distribution (OOD) detection performance. However, extracting effective features outside…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Qilin Liao , Shuo Yang , Bo Zhao , Ping Luo , Hengshuang Zhao

A well-known limitation of existing molecular generative models is that the generated molecules highly resemble those in the training set. To generate truly novel molecules that may have even better properties for de novo drug discovery,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-06-06 Seul Lee , Jaehyeong Jo , Sung Ju Hwang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for ensuring the reliability of deep learning models in real-world applications. Existing methods typically focus on feature representations or output-space analysis, often assuming a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Mostafa ElAraby , Sabyasachi Sahoo , Yann Pequignot , Paul Novello , Liam Paull

Conventional class-guided diffusion models generally succeed in generating images with correct semantic content, but often struggle with texture details. This limitation stems from the usage of class priors, which only provide coarse and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Xiaoyu Yue , Zidong Wang , Zeyu Lu , Shuyang Sun , Meng Wei , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai , Luping Zhou

Generative models, especially diffusion models (DMs), have achieved promising results for generating feature-rich geometries and advancing foundational science problems such as molecule design. Inspired by the recent huge success of Stable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Minkai Xu , Alexander Powers , Ron Dror , Stefano Ermon , Jure Leskovec

This work presents a forward-only diffusion (FoD) approach for generative modelling. In contrast to traditional diffusion models that rely on a coupled forward-backward diffusion scheme, FoD directly learns data generation through a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Ziwei Luo , Fredrik K. Gustafsson , Jens Sjölund , Thomas B. Schön

In this work, we investigate the domain generalization capabilities of diffusion models in the context of synthesizing images that are distinct from the training data. Instead of fine-tuning, we tackle this challenge from a sampling-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Ye Zhu , Yu Wu , Duo Xu , Zhiwei Deng , Yan Yan , Olga Russakovsky

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization remains a central challenge in deploying deep learning models to real-world scenarios, particularly in domains such as biomedical images, where distribution shifts are both subtle and pervasive.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Haoran Pei , Yuguang Yang , Kexin Liu , Baochang Zhang

Designing new molecules is essential for drug discovery and material science. Recently, deep generative models that aim to model molecule distribution have made promising progress in narrowing down the chemical research space and generating…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-06-06 Han Huang , Leilei Sun , Bowen Du , Weifeng Lv

Diffusion models have become a central tool in deep generative modeling, but standard formulations rely on a single network and a single diffusion schedule to transform a simple prior, typically a standard normal distribution, into the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-29 Takuro Kutsuna

Most existing deep learning models are trained based on the closed-world assumption, where the test data is assumed to be drawn i.i.d. from the same distribution as the training data, known as in-distribution (ID). However, when models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Yixin Liu , Kaize Ding , Huan Liu , Shirui Pan

Traditional machine learning methods heavily rely on the independent and identically distribution assumption, which imposes limitations when the test distribution deviates from the training distribution. To address this crucial issue,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Qin Tian , Wenjun Wang , Chen Zhao , Minglai Shao , Wang Zhang , Dong Li

Ambiguity in medical image segmentation calls for models that capture full conditional distributions rather than a single point estimate. We present Prior-Guided Residual Diffusion (PGRD), a diffusion-based framework that learns voxel-wise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Fuyou Mao , Beining Wu , Yanfeng Jiang , Han Xue , Yan Tang , Hao Zhang

Diffusion generative models transform noise into data by inverting a process that progressively adds noise to data samples. Inspired by concepts from the renormalization group in physics, which analyzes systems across different scales, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Mathis Gerdes , Max Welling , Miranda C. N. Cheng

The task of deducing three-dimensional molecular configurations from their two-dimensional graph representations holds paramount importance in the fields of computational chemistry and pharmaceutical development. The rapid advancement of…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-01-09 Bobin Yang , Jie Deng , Zhenghan Chen , Ruoxue Wu

The de novo generation of molecules with targeted properties is crucial in biology, chemistry, and drug discovery. Current generative models are limited to using single property values as conditions, struggling with complex customizations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yanchen Luo , Junfeng Fang , Sihang Li , Zhiyuan Liu , Jiancan Wu , An Zhang , Wenjie Du , Xiang Wang
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