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Related papers: Do language models plan ahead for future tokens?

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In this paper, we study how the intrinsic nature of pre-training data contributes to the fine-tuned downstream performance. To this end, we pre-train different transformer-based masked language models on several corpora with certain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Cheng-Han Chiang , Hung-yi Lee

We probe pre-trained transformer language models for bridging inference. We first investigate individual attention heads in BERT and observe that attention heads at higher layers prominently focus on bridging relations in-comparison with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Onkar Pandit , Yufang Hou

We examine the pre-training dynamics of language models, focusing on their ability to copy text from preceding context--a fundamental skill for various LLM applications, including in-context learning (ICL) and retrieval-augmented generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Ang Lv , Ruobing Xie , Xingwu Sun , Zhanhui Kang , Rui Yan

Language models obtain extensive capabilities through pre-training. However, the pre-training process remains a black box. In this work, we track linear interpretable feature evolution across pre-training snapshots using a sparse dictionary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Xuyang Ge , Wentao Shu , Jiaxing Wu , Yunhua Zhou , Zhengfu He , Xipeng Qiu

Using more test-time computation during language model inference, such as generating more intermediate thoughts or sampling multiple candidate answers, has proven effective in significantly improving model performance. This paper takes an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Xingwu Chen , Miao Lu , Beining Wu , Difan Zou

Understanding how Transformer-based Language Models (LMs) learn and recall information is a key goal of the deep learning community. Recent interpretability methods project weights and hidden states obtained from the forward pass to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Shahar Katz , Yonatan Belinkov , Mor Geva , Lior Wolf

We propose a novel class of language models, Latent Thought Models (LTMs), which incorporate explicit latent thought vectors that follow an explicit prior model in latent space. These latent thought vectors guide the autoregressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Deqian Kong , Minglu Zhao , Dehong Xu , Bo Pang , Shu Wang , Edouardo Honig , Zhangzhang Si , Chuan Li , Jianwen Xie , Sirui Xie , Ying Nian Wu

Language models (LMs) are pre-trained on raw text datasets to generate text sequences token-by-token. While this approach facilitates the learning of world knowledge and reasoning, it does not explicitly optimize for linguistic competence.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Atsuki Yamaguchi , Maggie Mi , Nikolaos Aletras

Prior work has shown that a significant driver of performance in reasoning models is their ability to reason and self-correct. A distinctive marker in these reasoning traces is the token wait, which often signals reasoning behavior such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Dmitrii Troitskii , Koyena Pal , Chris Wendler , Callum Stuart McDougall , Neel Nanda

Can language-pretrained transformers become effective time-series forecasters, and why? In this paper, we show that cross-modal transfer arises because language pretraining preconditions time series training with a reusable manifold. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Alexis Roger , Prateek Humane , Zhenghan Tai , Gwen Legate , Andrei Mircea , Vasilii Feofanov , Irina Rish

The cross-lingual language models are typically pretrained with masked language modeling on multilingual text or parallel sentences. In this paper, we introduce denoising word alignment as a new cross-lingual pre-training task.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Zewen Chi , Li Dong , Bo Zheng , Shaohan Huang , Xian-Ling Mao , Heyan Huang , Furu Wei

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has become a central mechanism for eliciting multi-step reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs). Yet recent evidence presents a tension: hidden states appear to already encode future reasoning before CoT…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Liyan Xu , Mo Yu , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou

Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) encapsulate large amounts of knowledge and take enormous amounts of compute to train. We make use of this resource, together with the observation that LLMs are able to transfer knowledge and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Malcolm L. Wolff , Shenghao Yang , Kari Torkkola , Michael W. Mahoney

Pre-training language models (LMs) on large-scale unlabeled text data makes the model much easier to achieve exceptional downstream performance than their counterparts directly trained on the downstream tasks. In this work, we study what…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Cheng-Han Chiang , Hung-yi Lee

Data Prefetching is a technique that can hide memory latency by fetching data before it is needed by a program. Prefetching relies on accurate memory access prediction, to which task machine learning based methods are increasingly applied.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Pengmiao Zhang , Ajitesh Srivastava , Anant V. Nori , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor K. Prasanna

Transformer-based language models (LMs) are at the core of modern NLP, but their internal prediction construction process is opaque and largely not understood. In this work, we make a substantial step towards unveiling this underlying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Mor Geva , Avi Caciularu , Kevin Ro Wang , Yoav Goldberg

Despite their remarkable success in language modeling, transformers trained to predict the next token in a sequence struggle with long-term planning. This limitation is particularly evident in tasks requiring foresight to plan multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Niklas Nolte , Ouail Kitouni , Adina Williams , Mike Rabbat , Mark Ibrahim

In the era of pre-trained language models, Transformers are the de facto choice of model architectures. While recent research has shown promise in entirely convolutional, or CNN, architectures, they have not been explored using the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Yi Tay , Mostafa Dehghani , Jai Gupta , Dara Bahri , Vamsi Aribandi , Zhen Qin , Donald Metzler

Chain-of-thought responses from language models improve performance across most benchmarks. However, it remains unclear to what extent these performance gains can be attributed to human-like task decomposition or simply the greater…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Jacob Pfau , William Merrill , Samuel R. Bowman

Transformers for language modeling usually rely on deterministic internal computation, with uncertainty expressed mainly at the output layer. We introduce variational neurons into Transformer feed-forward computation so that uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yves Ruffenach