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Court transcripts and judgments are rich repositories of legal knowledge, detailing the intricacies of cases and the rationale behind judicial decisions. The extraction of key information from these documents provides a concise overview of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Joana Ribeiro de Faria , Huiyuan Xie , Felix Steffek

Automatic extraction of procedural graphs from documents creates a low-cost way for users to easily understand a complex procedure by skimming visual graphs. Despite the progress in recent studies, it remains unanswered: whether the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Weihong Du , Wenrui Liao , Hongru Liang , Wenqiang Lei

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods reduce the computational costs of updating deep learning models by minimizing the number of additional parameters used to adapt a model to a down- stream task. While extensively researched in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Georg Slamanig , Francesco Corti , Olga Saukh

Arguments, counter-arguments, facts, and evidence obtained via documents related to previous court cases are of essential need for legal professionals. Therefore, the process of automatic information extraction from documents containing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Gathika Ratnayaka , Thejan Rupasinghe , Nisansa de Silva , Viraj Salaka Gamage , Menuka Warushavithana , Amal Shehan Perera

As large language models (LLMs) are widely adopted, new safety issues and policies emerge, to which existing safety classifiers do not generalize well. If we have only observed a few examples of violations of a new safety rule, how can we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Ananth Balashankar , Xiao Ma , Aradhana Sinha , Ahmad Beirami , Yao Qin , Jilin Chen , Alex Beutel

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) is a popular class of techniques that strive to adapt large models in a scalable and resource-efficient manner. Yet, the mechanisms underlying their training performance and generalization remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zahra Rahimi Afzal , Tara Esmaeilbeig , Mojtaba Soltanalian , Mesrob I. Ohannessian

Foundation models have revolutionized artificial intelligence by providing robust, versatile architectures pre-trained on large-scale datasets. However, adapting these massive models to specific downstream tasks requires fine-tuning, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Jieming Bian , Yuanzhe Peng , Lei Wang , Yin Huang , Jie Xu

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) and other parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods provide low-memory, storage-efficient solutions for personalizing text-to-image models. However, these methods offer little to no improvement in wall-clock…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Ethan Smith , Rami Seid , Alberto Hojel , Paramita Mishra , Jianbo Wu

With the surge in digital content in low-resource languages, there is an escalating demand for advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques tailored to these languages. BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Pranita Deshmukh , Nikita Kulkarni , Sanhita Kulkarni , Kareena Manghani , Raviraj Joshi

Recent advancements in the field of Natural Language Processing, particularly the development of large-scale language models that are pretrained on vast amounts of knowledge, are creating novel opportunities within the realm of Knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Anisa Rula , Jennifer D'Souza

Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) techniques have drawn significant attention due to their ability to yield competitive results while updating only a small portion of the adjustable parameters. However, existing PEFT methods pose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Muling Wu , Wenhao Liu , Xiaohua Wang , Tianlong Li , Changze Lv , Zixuan Ling , Jianhao Zhu , Cenyuan Zhang , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities to generate accurate code snippets given natural language intents in a zero-shot manner, i.e., without the need for specific fine-tuning. While prior studies have highlighted…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Martin Weyssow , Xin Zhou , Kisub Kim , David Lo , Houari Sahraoui

Citing legal opinions is a key part of legal argumentation, an expert task that requires retrieval, extraction and summarization of information from court decisions. The identification of legally salient parts in an opinion for the purpose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Julien Rossi , Svitlana Vakulenko , Evangelos Kanoulas

Natural language processing (NLP) is a key technology to extract important patient information from clinical narratives to support healthcare applications. The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized many NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Cheng Peng , Xinyu Dong , Mengxian Lyu , Daniel Paredes , Yaoyun Zhang , Yonghui Wu

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has become a common method for fine-tuning large language models, where a base model can serve multiple users through PEFT module switching. To enhance user experience, base models require periodic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Naibin Gu , Peng Fu , Xiyu Liu , Ke Ma , Zheng Lin , Weiping Wang

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) using labeled task data can significantly improve the performance of large language models (LLMs) on the downstream task. However, there are 7000 languages in the world and many of these languages lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Alexandra Chronopoulou , Jonas Pfeiffer , Joshua Maynez , Xinyi Wang , Sebastian Ruder , Priyanka Agrawal

Parameter-Efficient finetuning (PEFT) enhances model performance on downstream tasks by updating a minimal subset of parameters. Representation finetuning (ReFT) methods further improve efficiency by freezing model weights and optimizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Sirui Liang , Pengfei Cao , Jian Zhao , Cong Huang , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on downstream tasks requires substantial computational resources. Selective PEFT, a class of parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methodologies, aims to mitigate these computational challenges by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Aradhye Agarwal , Suhas K Ramesh , Ayan Sengupta , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Automatically recommending relevant law articles to a given legal case has attracted much attention as it can greatly release human labor from searching over the large database of laws. However, current researches only support…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Jidong Ge , Yunyun huang , Xiaoyu Shen , Chuanyi Li , Wei Hu

Transformer-based models like BERT excel at short text classification but struggle with long document classification (LDC) due to input length limitations and computational inefficiencies. In this work, we propose an efficient, zero-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Prathamesh Kokate , Mitali Sarnaik , Manavi Khopade , Mukta Takalikar , Raviraj Joshi