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Metal-oxide surfaces act as both Br{\o}nsted acids and bases, which allows the exchange of protons with the electrolyte solution and generates either positive or negative proton charges depending on the environmental pH. These interfacial…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-08-13 Lisanne Knijff , Mei Jia , Chao Zhang

Surfaces of metal oxides at working conditions are usually electrified due to the acid-base chemistry. The charged interface compensated with counterions forms the so-called electric double layer. The coupling of surface chemistry and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-07-02 Chao Zhang , Jürg Hutter , Michiel Sprik

Electrode-electrolyte interfaces are crucial for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. At these interfaces, the liquid electrolytes form electrical double layers (EDLs). However, despite more than a century of active research, the…

The structure and thickness of the electrical double layer (EDL) at carbon electrodes strongly influence electrochemical performance, yet remain poorly understood in super-concentrated aqueous electrolytes. Here we combine classical and…

The electric double layer (EDL) governs electrocatalysis, energy conversion, and storage, yet its atomic structure, capacitance, and reactivity remain elusive. Here we introduce a machine learning interatomic potential framework that…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-09-18 Xiaoyu Wang , Junmin Chen , Zezhu Zeng , Frederick Stein , Junho Lim , Bingqing Cheng

In electrochemical systems, the structure of electrical double layers (EDLs) near electrode surfaces is crucial for energy conversion and storage functions. While the electrodes in real-world systems are usually heterogeneous, to date the…

The electric double layer (EDL) that forms at the interface between metals and ionic solutions is at the heart of various energy technologies. Recent experimental data have challenged our traditional understanding of the EDL charging…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-05 Nils Bruch , Michael Eikerling , Tobias Binninger

The interface plays a critical role in electrochemical systems, driving the development of various theories to investigate properties at nanoscale and microscale levels, including the electrictrochemical double layer (EDL) theory and…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-04-08 Yitao He

Understanding the electrical double layer (EDL), i.e, the distribution of electrolyte at an electrified interface, in concentrated electrolytes is important for various technologies, such as supercapacitors, batteries and electrocatalysis.…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-05-01 Zachary A. H. Goodwin

Many key industrial processes, from electricity production, conversion and storage to electrocatalysis or electrochemistry in general, rely on physical mechanisms occurring at the interface between a metallic electrode and an electrolyte…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-09-03 Laura Scalfi , Mathieu Salanne , Benjamin Rotenberg

Electrical double layer (EDL) is formed when an electrode is in contact with an electrolyte solution, and is widely used in biophysics, electrochemistry, polymer solution and energy storage. Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) coupled equations provides…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-03-02 Cherq Chua , Chun Yun Kee , L. K. Ang , Yee Sin Ang

Modelling electrolytes accurately on both a nanoscale and cell level can contribute to improving battery chemistries.[Armand and Tarascon, Nature, 2008, 451, 652-657] We previously presented a thermodynamic continuum model for…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-08-09 Constantin Schwetlick , Max Schammer , Arnulf Latz , Birger Horstmann

The electrical double layer (EDL) is fundamental to the operation of devices for electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Existing models of EDL in solid electrolytes focus predominantly on the space charge layer and lack a complete…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-08-12 Zeeshan Ahmad

The electric double layer is an important structure that appears at charged liquid interfaces, and it determines the performance of various electrochemical devices such as supercapacitors and electrokinetic energy converters. Here the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-08-15 Haruto Iwasaki , Yasuyuki Kimura , Yuki Uematsu

In this work we theoretically study the differential capacitance of an aqueous electrolyte in contact with a planar electrode, using classical Density Functional Theory, and show how this measurable quantity can be used as a probe to better…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-09-16 Peter Cats , René van Roij

The electric double layer (EDL) has a pivotal role in screening charges on surfaces as in supercapacitor electrodes or colloidal and polymer solutions. Its structure is determined by correlations between the finite-sized ionic charge…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-11-21 Peter Cats , Andreas Härtel

Temperature dependence of the capacitance of the electrical double layer (EDL) in concentrated electrolytes/ionic liquids has been under debates for decades. To rationalise the capacitance vs temperature dependence, we run molecular…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-05-26 Vladislav B Ivaništšev , Kathleen Kirchner , Maxim V. Fedorov

Using molecular dynamics simulations with recently developed importance sampling methods, we show that the differential capacitance of a model ionic liquid based double-layer capacitor exhibits an anomalous dependence on the applied…

Battery electrode surfaces are generally coated with electronically insulating solid films of thickness 1-50 nm. Both electrons and Li+ can move at the electrode-surface film interface in response to the voltage, which adds complexity to…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-07-10 Kevin Leung , Andrew Leenheer

The electric double layer (EDL) formed around charged nanostructures at the liquid-solid interface determines their electrochemical activity and influences their electrical and optical polarizability. We experimentally demonstrate that…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-04-29 Kevin Namink , Xuanhui Meng , Marc T. M. Koper , Philipp Kukura , Sanli Faez
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