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The demand for higher data rates and better synchronization in communication and navigation systems necessitates the development of new wideband and tunable sources with noise performance exceeding that provided by traditional oscillators…

Photonic-based low-phase-noise microwave generation with real-time frequency tuning is crucial for a broad spectrum of subjects, including next-generation wireless communications, radar, metrology, and modern instrumentation. Here, for the…

Microwave synthesizers are central to test and measurement systems across applications including wireless communications, radar, spectroscopy, and time and frequency metrology. State-of-the-art microwave sources, however, are fundamentally…

Access to electrical signals across the millimeter-wave (mmW) and terahertz (THz) bands offers breakthroughs for high-performance applications. Despite generations of revolutionary development, integrated electronics are challenging to…

Integrated-photonics microchips now enable a range of advanced functionalities for high-coherence applications such as data transmission, highly optimized physical sensors, and harnessing quantum states, but with cost, efficiency, and…

Numerous modern technologies are reliant on the low-phase noise and exquisite timing stability of microwave signals. Substantial progress has been made in the field of microwave photonics, whereby low noise microwave signals are generated…

The synthesis of ultralow-noise microwaves is of both scientific and technological relevance for timing, metrology, communications and radio-astronomy. Today, the lowest reported phase noise signals are obtained via optical…

The next-generation sensing and communication applications rely on high-frequency microwave generation with low-noise. The microwave photonic technology is promising by the practical application is limited by its complex architecture so…

Photonic synthesis of radiofrequency revived the quest for unrivalled microwave purity by its seducing ability to convey the benefits of the optics to the microwave world. In this work, we perform a high-fidelity transfer of frequency…

The generation and manipulation of ultracold atomic ensembles in the quantum regime require the application of dynamically controllable microwave fields with ultra-low noise performance. Here, we present a low-phase-noise microwave source…

Coherent frequency division of high-stability optical sources permits the extraction of microwave signals with ultra-low phase noise, enabling their application to systems with stringent timing precision. To date, the highest performance…

Optical frequency division relies on optical frequency combs to coherently translate ultra-stable optical frequency references to the microwave domain. This technology has enabled microwave synthesis with ultralow timing noise, but the…

Efficient and coherent conversion between microwave and optical signals is crucial for a wide range of applications, from quantum information processing to microwave photonics and radar systems. However, existing conversion techniques rely…

Microwave photonic technologies, which upshift the carrier into the optical domain to facilitate the generation and processing of ultrawide-band electronic signals at vastly reduced fractional bandwidths, have the potential to achieve…

The generation of ultra-low noise microwave and mmWave in miniaturized, chip-based platforms can transform communication, radar, and sensing systems. Optical frequency division that leverages optical references and optical frequency combs…

Photonics-assisted millimeter-wave bands and terahertz signal generation offer significant advantages over traditional electronic methods by leveraging the inherent benefits of optical components, including broad bandwidth, low power…

Optics · Physics 2025-11-27 Bowen Zhu , Tao Zhu , Yazhi Pi , Chunyang Ma , Xiaochuan Xu , Zizheng Cao , Lei Wang , Shaohua Yu

There has been increased interest in the use and manipulation of optical fields to address challenging problems that have traditionally been approached with microwave electronics. Some examples that benefit from the low transmission loss,…

Optically generated microwave signals exhibit some of the lowest phase noise and timing jitter of any microwave-generating technology to date. The success of octave-spanning optical frequency combs in down-converting ultrastable optical…

Optical frequency division based on bulk or fiber optics provides unprecedented spectral purity for microwave oscillators. To extend the applications of this approach, the big challenges are to develop miniaturized optical frequency…

Optics · Physics 2024-02-27 Yang He , Long Cheng , Heming Wang , Yu Zhang , Roy Meade , Kerry Vahala , Mian Zhang , Jiang Li

Low phase noise microwave oscillators are at the center of a multitude of applications that span the gamut of photonics and electronics. Within this space, optically-derived approaches to microwave frequency synthesis are particularly…

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