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Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in code generation, yet their potential for software protection remains largely untapped. Reverse engineering continues to threaten software security, while traditional virtual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Mingqiao Mo , Yunlong Tan , Hao Zhang , Heng Zhang , Yangfan He

Web attacks, i.e. attacks exclusively using the HTTP protocol, are rapidly becoming one of the fundamental threats for information systems connected to the Internet. When the attacks suffered by web servers through the years are analyzed,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Gonzalo Alvarez , Slobodan Petrovic

The large transformer-based language models demonstrate excellent performance in natural language processing. By considering the transferability of the knowledge gained by these models in one domain to other related domains, and the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Chandra Thapa , Seung Ick Jang , Muhammad Ejaz Ahmed , Seyit Camtepe , Josef Pieprzyk , Surya Nepal

Domain Name Service is a trusted protocol made for name resolution, but during past years some approaches have been developed to use it for data transfer. DNS Tunneling is a method where data is encoded inside DNS queries, allowing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Franco Palau , Carlos Catania , Jorge Guerra , Sebastian Garcia , Maria Rigaki

Contextual embedding-based language models trained on large data sets, such as BERT and RoBERTa, provide strong performance across a wide range of tasks and are ubiquitous in modern NLP. It has been observed that fine-tuning these models on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Vin Sachidananda , Jason S. Kessler , Yi-an Lai

Malicious URL detection and webpage classification are critical tasks in cybersecurity and information management. In recent years, extensive research has explored using BERT or similar language models to replace traditional machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yujie Li , Yiwei Liu , Peiyue Li , Yifan Jia , Yanbin Wang

With a growing increase in botnet attacks, computer networks are constantly under threat from attacks that cripple cyber-infrastructure. Detecting these attacks in real-time proves to be a difficult and resource intensive task. One of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-04 David Santana , Shan Suthaharan , Somya Mohanty

Analyzing users' Internet traffic data and activities has a certain impact on users' experiences in different ways, from maintaining the quality of service on the Internet and providing users with high-quality recommendation systems to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Aida Ramezani , Amirhossein Khajehpour , Mahdi Jafari Siavoshani

Webshell attacks are becoming more common, requiring robust detection mechanisms to protect web applications. The dissertation clearly states two research directions: scanning web application source code and analyzing HTTP traffic to detect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Ha L. Viet , On V. Phung , Hoa N. Nguyen

In today's world, computer networks have become vulnerable to numerous attacks. In both wireless and wired networks, one of the most common attacks is man-in-the-middle attacks, within which session hijacking, context confusion attacks have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Kailash Gogineni , Yongsheng Mei , Guru Venkataramani , Tian Lan

Encrypted traffic classification faces growing challenges as encryption renders traditional deep packet inspection ineffective. This study addresses binary VPN detection, distinguishing VPN-encrypted from non-VPN traffic using wavelet…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Yasameen Sajid Razooqi , Adrian Pekar

We investigate fingerprints in pretraining datasets for large language models (LLMs) through dataset classification experiments. Building on prior work demonstrating the existence of fingerprints or biases in popular computer vision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Youssef Mansour , Reinhard Heckel

Web parameter injection attacks are common and powerful. In this kind of attacks, malicious attackers can employ HTTP requests to implement attacks against servers by injecting some malicious codes into the parameters of the HTTP requests.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-22 Wei Rong , Bowen Zhang , Xixiang Lv

Background: Cyber-attacks have evolved rapidly in recent years, many individuals and business owners have been affected by cyber-attacks in various ways. Cyber-attacks include various threats such as ransomware, malware, phishing, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Keerthi Kumar. M , Swarun Kumar Joginpelly , Sunil Khemka , Lakshmi. S R , Navin Chhibber

The recent success and proliferation of machine learning and deep learning have provided powerful tools, which are also utilized for encrypted traffic analysis, classification, and threat detection in computer networks. These methods,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Jan Luxemburk , Tomáš Čejka

The Transformer architecture is shown to provide a powerful machine transduction framework for online handwritten gestures corresponding to glyph strokes of natural language sentences. The attention mechanism is successfully used to create…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-08 G. C. M. Silvestre , F. Balado , O. Akinremi , M. Ramo

Modern encryption algorithms form the foundation of digital security. However, the widespread use of encryption algorithms results in significant challenges for network defenders in identifying which specific algorithms are being employed.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Xiwen Ren , Min Luo , Cong Peng , Debiao He

Users' website browsing history contains sensitive information, like health conditions, political interests, financial situations, etc. Some recent studies have demonstrated the possibility of inferring website fingerprints based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Han Wang

TOR (The Onion Router) network is a widely used open source anonymous communication tool, the abuse of TOR makes it difficult to monitor the proliferation of online crimes such as to access criminal websites. Most existing approches for TOR…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Haili Sun , Yan Huang , Lansheng Han , Xiang Long , Hongle Liu , Chunjie Zhou

Improperly configured domain name system (DNS) servers are sometimes used as packet reflectors as part of a DoS or DDoS attack. Detecting packets created as a result of this activity is logically possible by monitoring the DNS request and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Keiichi Shima , Ryo Nakamura , Kazuya Okada , Tomohiro Ishihara , Daisuke Miyamoto , Yuji Sekiya