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In this work, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is applied to active flow control (AFC) over a threedimensional SD7003 wing at a Reynolds number of Re = 60,000 and angle of attack of AoA = 14 degrees. In the uncontrolled baseline case, the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-15 R. Montalà , B. Font , P. Suárez , J. Rabault , O. Lehmkuhl , R. Vinuesa , I. Rodriguez

Turbulent-flow control aims to develop strategies that effectively manipulate fluid systems, such as the reduction of drag in transportation and enhancing energy efficiency, both critical steps towards reducing global CO$_2$ emissions. Deep…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-05-25 Miguel Beneitez , Andres Cremades , Luca Guastoni , Ricardo Vinuesa

We introduce a reinforcement learning (RL) environment to design and benchmark control strategies aimed at reducing drag in turbulent fluid flows enclosed in a channel. The environment provides a framework for computationally-efficient,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-02-09 L. Guastoni , J. Rabault , P. Schlatter , H. Azizpour , R. Vinuesa

Machine learning has recently become a promising technique in fluid mechanics, especially for active flow control (AFC) applications. A recent work [J. Fluid Mech. (2019), vol. 865, pp. 281-302] has demonstrated the feasibility and…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-03-22 Feng Ren , Jean Rabault , Hui Tang

This study explores the use of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for active flow control (AFC) to reduce flow separation on wings at high angles of attack. Concretely, here the DRL agent controls the flow over the three-dimensional NACA0012…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-15 R. Montalà , B. Font , P. Suárez , J. Rabault , O. Lehmkuhl , R. Vinuesa , I. Rodriguez

This study employs Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) for active flow control in a turbulent flow field of high Reynolds numbers at $Re=274000$. That is, an agent is trained to obtain a control strategy that can reduce the drag of a cylinder…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-12-23 Jingbo Chen , Enrico Ballini , Stefano Micheletti

The aim of this study is to discover new active-flow-control (AFC) techniques for separation mitigation in a two-dimensional NACA 0012 airfoil at a Reynolds number of 3000. To find these AFC strategies, a framework consisting of a…

This paper presents a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework for active flow control (AFC) to reduce drag in aerodynamic bodies. Tested on a 3D cylinder at Re = 100, the DRL approach achieved a 9.32% drag reduction and a 78.4% decrease…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Ricard Montalà , Bernat Font , Pol Suárez , Jean Rabault , Oriol Lehmkuhl , Ivette Rodriguez

This paper focuses on the active flow control of a computational fluid dynamics simulation over a range of Reynolds numbers using deep reinforcement learning (DRL). More precisely, the proximal policy optimization (PPO) method is used to…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-06-24 Hongwei Tang , Jean Rabault , Alexander Kuhnle , Yan Wang , Tongguang Wang

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is employed to develop control strategies for drag reduction in direct numerical simulations (DNS) of turbulent channel flows at high Reynolds numbers. The DRL agent uses near-wall streamwise velocity…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-03-19 Zisong Zhou , Mengqi Zhang , Xiaojue Zhu

This study investigates active flow control in two-dimensional flows at a Reynolds number of 100 using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). We utilize DRL to develop flow control strategies that enhance energy efficiency and minimize energy…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-07-22 Wang Jia , Hang Xu

Active flow control of compressible transonic shock-boundary layer interactions over a two-dimensional RAE2822 airfoil at Re = 50,000 is investigated using deep reinforcement learning (DRL). The flow field exhibits highly unsteady dynamics,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-11-12 Trishit Mondal , Ricardo Vinuesa , Ameya D. Jagtap

This study showcases an experimental deployment of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for active flow control (AFC) of vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) in a circular cylinder at a high Reynolds number (Re = 3000) using rotary actuation.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Hussam Sababha , Bernat Font , Mohammed Daqaq

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms are rapidly making inroads into fluid mechanics, following the remarkable achievements of these techniques in a wide range of science and engineering applications. In this paper, a deep…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-12-21 M. A. Elhawary

The wall cycle in wall-bounded turbulent flows is a complex turbulence regeneration mechanism that remains not fully understood. This study explores the potential of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for managing the wall regeneration cycle…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-10-21 Giorgio Maria Cavallazzi , Luca Guastoni , Ricardo Vinuesa , Alfredo Pinelli

This work reports the application of a model-free deep-reinforcement-learning-based (DRL) flow control strategy to suppress perturbations evolving in the 1-D linearised Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (KS) equation and 2-D boundary layer flows. The…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-01-18 Da Xu , Mengqi Zhang

This study presents the first experimental implementation of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for the active real-time suppression of flow-induced vibrations in simultaneously vibrating tandem cylinders using rotary actuation, considering…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-05-21 Hussam Sababha , Mohammed Daqaq

This study presents a deep learning model-based reinforcement learning (DL-MBRL) approach for active control of two-dimensional (2D) wake flow past a square cylinder using antiphase jets. The DL-MBRL framework alternates between interacting…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-08-27 Meng Zhang , Mustafa Z. Yousif , Minze Xu , Haifeng Zhou , Linqi Yu , HeeChang Lim

Skin-friction drag induced by wall-bounded turbulent flows accounts for a substantial fraction of energy consumption across commercial aerospace, wind energy, and marine transport. Its active reduction is one of the highest-value targets in…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-05-15 Atharva Mahajan , Abhijeet Vishwasrao , Yuning Wang , Ricardo Vinuesa

Designing active-flow-control (AFC) strategies for three-dimensional (3D) bluff bodies is a challenging task with critical industrial implications. In this study we explore the potential of discovering novel control strategies for drag…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-03-04 P. Suárez , F. Alcántara-Ávila , J. Rabault , A. Miró , B. Font , O. Lehmkuhl , R. Vinuesa
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