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In the original formulation of the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) experiment, when two otherwise indistinguishable photons are incident upon the two input ports of a balanced beam splitter, they coalesce, always leaving via the same output port. It…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-27 Felix Mann , Helen M. Chrzanowski , Marlon Placke , Felipe Gewers , Sven Ramelow

The Hong-Ou-Mandel interference experiment is a fundamental demonstration of nonclassical interference and a basis for many investigations of quantum information. This experiment involves the interference of two photons reaching a symmetric…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-05 Nicholas S. DiBrita , Enrique J. Galvez

Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect is known to be one of the main phenomena in quantum optics. The effect occurs when two identical single-photon waves enter a 1:1 beam splitter, one in each input port. When the photons are identical, they will…

Optics · Physics 2020-02-04 Dmitry N. Makarov

The celebrated Hong, Ou and Mandel (HOM) effect is one of the simplest illustrations of two-particle interference, and is unique to the quantum realm. In the original experiment, two photons arriving simultaneously in the input channels of…

The Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect, an effective two-photon interference phenomenon, is a cornerstone of quantum optics and a key tool for linear optical quantum information processing. While the HOM effect has been extensively studied both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-28 Tareq Jaouni , Xuemei Gu , Mario Krenn , Alessio D'Errico , Ebrahim Karimi

The Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect ranks among the most notable quantum interference phenomena, and is central to many applications in quantum technologies. The fundamental effect appears when two independent and indistinguishable photons are…

In recent works we have explored a multi-photon extension of the celebrated two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect in which the quantum amplitudes for a two-photon input to a lossless, balanced 50:50 beamsplitter (BS) undergoes complete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-10 Paul M. Alsing , Richard J. Birrittella

The Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference is one of the most intriguing quantum optical phenomena and crucial in performing quantum optical communication and computation tasks. Lately, twin beam emitters such as those relying on the process of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-23 K. Laiho , T. Dirmeier , G. Shafiee , Ch. Marquardt

Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference, the bunching of indistinguishable photons at a beam splitter, is a staple of quantum optics and lies at the heart of many quantum sensing approaches and recent optical quantum computers. Here, we report a…

Two-photon interference effects arise because photons are indistinguishable particles. In the wellknown Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect, the transmission of two photons at a beam splitter interferes destructively with the reflection of both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Yuki Kodama , Jonte R. Hance , Holger F. Hofmann

Interference between single photons is key for many quantum optics experiments and applications in quantum technologies, such as quantum communication or computation. It is advantageous to operate the systems at telecommunication…

Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference unveils a distinct behavior of identical particles which cannot be distinguished from each other. Especially for bosons, two separated identical particles passing through a beamsplitter always go together…

Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference, the bunching of two indistinguishable photons on a balanced beam-splitter, has emerged as a promising tool for quantum sensing. There is a need for wide spectral-bandwidth photon pairs (for high-resolution…

This article is a detailed introduction to Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference, in which two photons interfere on a beamsplitter in a way that depends on the photons' distinguishability. We begin by considering distinguishability in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-10 Agata M. Brańczyk

Interference between two completely independent photons lies at the heart of many photonic quantum information applications such as quantum repeaters, teleportation, and quantum key distribution. Here, we report the observation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-07 Heonoh Kin , Danbi Kim , Jiho Park , Han Seb Moon

Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference is a compelling quantum phenomenon that demonstrates the nonclassical nature of single photons. In this study, we investigate an electromagnetically induced transparency-based double-$\Lambda$ four-wave…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Zi-Yu Liu , Jiun-Shiuan Shiu , Chin-Yao Cheng , Yong-Fan Chen

We consider the interference of two photons with different colors in the context of a Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment, in which single photons enter each of the input ports of a beam splitter, and exit in the same, albeit undetermined, output…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-18 M. G. Raymer , S. J. van Enk , C. J. McKinstrie , H. J. McGuinness

We experimentally demonstrated the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference between two photons after visible-to-telecommunication wavelength conversion. In the experiment, we prepared a heralded single photon by using spontaneous parametric…

When quantum state amplitudes interfere, surprising non-classical features emerge which emphasis the roles of indistinguishability and discreteness in quantum mechanics. A famous example in quantum optics is the Hong Ou Mandel interference…

Two-photon interference in a Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferometer can be used as a quantum sensing mechanism due to the sensitivity of the interference dip to perturbations of the photon indistinguishability. In particular, recent works have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Carolina Gonçalves , Tiago D. Ferreira , Catarina S. Monteiro , Nuno A. Silva
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