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We study the online Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) on the line augmented with machine-learned predictions. In the classical problem, there is a stream of requests released over time along the real line. The goal is to minimize the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Themis Gouleakis , Konstantinos Lakis , Golnoosh Shahkarami

The field of neural combinatorial optimization (NCO) trains neural policies to solve NP-hard problems such as the traveling salesperson problem (TSP). We ask whether, beyond producing good tours, a trained TSP solver learns internal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Reuben Narad , Léonard Boussioux , Michael Wagner

The lack of generalization in learning-based autonomous driving applications is shown by the narrow range of road scenarios that vehicles can currently cover. A generalizable approach should capture many distinct road structures and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Juan Carlos Climent Pardo

We demonstrate that a single training trajectory can transform a graph neural network into an unsupervised heuristic for combinatorial optimization. Focusing on the Travelling Salesman Problem, we show that encoding global structural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yimeng Min , Carla P. Gomes

End-to-end (geometric) deep learning has seen first successes in approximating the solution of combinatorial optimization problems. However, generating data in the realm of NP-hard/-complete tasks brings practical and theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Simon Geisler , Johanna Sommer , Jan Schuchardt , Aleksandar Bojchevski , Stephan Günnemann

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have demonstrated their effectiveness in various tasks supported by their generalization capabilities. However, the current analysis of GNN generalization relies on the assumption that training and testing data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Zhiyang Wang , Juan Cervino , Alejandro Ribeiro

Graph representation learning based on graph neural networks (GNNs) can greatly improve the performance of downstream tasks, such as node and graph classification. However, the general GNN models do not aggregate node information in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-30 Fei Ding , Xiaohong Zhang , Justin Sybrandt , Ilya Safro

In this work, we address the challenge of generalization in quantum reinforcement learning (QRL) for combinatorial optimization, focusing on the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). Training quantum policies on large TSP instances is often…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-17 Monit Sharma , Hoong Chuin Lau

The generalized multiple depot traveling salesmen problem (GMDTSP) is a variant of the multiple depot traveling salesmen problem (MDTSP), where each salesman starts at a distinct depot, the targets are partitioned into clusters and at least…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-08-11 Kaarthik Sundar , Sivakumar Rathinam

Developing scalable solutions for training Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for link prediction tasks is challenging due to the high data dependencies which entail high computational cost and huge memory footprint. We propose a new method for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Nasrullah Sheikh , Xiao Qin , Berthold Reinwald , Chuan Lei

We propose a manager-worker framework based on deep reinforcement learning to tackle a hard yet nontrivial variant of Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP), \ie~multiple-vehicle TSP with time window and rejections (mTSPTWR), where customers who…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Rongkai Zhang , Cong Zhang , Zhiguang Cao , Wen Song , Puay Siew Tan , Jie Zhang , Bihan Wen , Justin Dauwels

We propose a scalable method for semi-supervised (transductive) learning from massive network-structured datasets. Our approach to semi-supervised learning is based on representing the underlying hypothesis as a graph signal with small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-03 Alexander Jung , Alfred O. Hero , Alexandru Mara , Sabeur Aridhi

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are a framework for graph representation learning, where a model learns to generate low dimensional node embeddings that encapsulate structural and feature-related information. GNNs are usually trained in an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Davide Buffelli , Fabio Vandin

Recent work applying deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to solve traveling salesman problems (TSP) has shown that DRL-based solvers can be fast and competitive with TSP heuristics for small instances, but do not generalize well to larger…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Wenbin Ouyang , Yisen Wang , Shaochen Han , Zhejian Jin , Paul Weng

Many real-world problems can be formulated as a constrained Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). However, the constraints are always complex and numerous, making the TSPs challenging to solve. When the number of complicated constraints grows,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Jingxiao Chen , Ziqin Gong , Minghuan Liu , Jun Wang , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

This work presents solutions to the Traveling Salesperson Problem with precedence constraints (TSPPC) using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) by adapting recent approaches that work well for regular TSPs. Common to these approaches is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Christian Löwens , Inaam Ashraf , Alexander Gembus , Genesis Cuizon , Jonas K. Falkner , Lars Schmidt-Thieme

It is known that the current graph neural networks (GNNs) are difficult to make themselves deep due to the problem known as over-smoothing. Multi-scale GNNs are a promising approach for mitigating the over-smoothing problem. However, there…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Kenta Oono , Taiji Suzuki

The recently presented idea to learn heuristics for combinatorial optimization problems is promising as it can save costly development. However, to push this idea towards practical implementation, we need better models and better ways of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-08 Wouter Kool , Herke van Hoof , Max Welling

We study the problem of learning similarity functions over very large corpora using neural network embedding models. These models are typically trained using SGD with sampling of random observed and unobserved pairs, with a number of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-07-20 Walid Krichene , Nicolas Mayoraz , Steffen Rendle , Li Zhang , Xinyang Yi , Lichan Hong , Ed Chi , John Anderson

In recent years, graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a successful tool in a variety of graph-related applications. However, the performance of GNNs can be deteriorated when noisy connections occur in the original graph structures;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Yixin Liu , Yu Zheng , Daokun Zhang , Hongxu Chen , Hao Peng , Shirui Pan
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