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In the realm of AI architectural design, the importance of prompts is becoming increasingly prominent. With advancements in artificial intelligence and large-scale model technology, more design tasks are being delegated to machine learning…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Xin Zhang , Wenwen Liu

Generative Artificial Intelligence (Generative AI) holds significant promise in reshaping interactive systems design, yet its potential across the four key phases of human-centered design remains underexplored. This article addresses this…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Marie Muehlhaus , Jürgen Steimle

As designers become familiar with Generative AI, a new concept is emerging: Agentic AI. While generative AI produces output in response to prompts, agentic AI systems promise to perform mundane tasks autonomously, potentially freeing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Samangi Wadinambiarachchi , Jenny Waycott , Yvonne Rogers , Greg Wadley

This study introduces a human-in-the-loop pipeline that converts unscaled, hand-drawn floor plan sketches into semantically consistent 3D BIM models. The workflow leverages multimodal large language models (MLLMs) within a multi-agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Abir Khan Ratul , Sanjay Acharjee , Somin Park , Md Nazmus Sakib

We present a sketch-based CAD modeling system, where users create objects incrementally by sketching the desired shape edits, which our system automatically translates to CAD operations. Our approach is motivated by the close similarities…

Graphics · Computer Science 2020-09-11 Changjian Li , Hao Pan , Adrien Bousseau , Niloy J. Mitra

This review surveys the state-of-the-art in text-to-image and image-to-image generation within the scope of generative AI. We provide a comparative analysis of three prominent architectures: Variational Autoencoders, Generative Adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Zineb Sordo , Eric Chagnon , Daniela Ushizima

Graphic layout generation is a growing research area focusing on generating aesthetically pleasing layouts ranging from poster designs to documents. While recent research has explored ways to incorporate user constraints to guide the layout…

Landscape renderings are realistic images of landscape sites, allowing stakeholders to perceive better and evaluate design ideas. While recent advances in Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) enable automated generation of landscape…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Rong Huang , Hai-Chuan Lin , Chuanzhang Chen , Kang Zhang , Wei Zeng

Deep learning has recently been applied to various research areas of design optimization. This study presents the need and effectiveness of adopting deep learning for generative design (or design exploration) research area. This work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Sangeun Oh , Yongsu Jung , Seongsin Kim , Ikjin Lee , Namwoo Kang

Design is a non-linear, reflective process in which practitioners engage with visual, semantic, and other expressive materials to explore, iterate, and refine ideas. As Generative AI (GenAI) becomes integrated into professional design…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Xiaohan Peng , Wendy E. Mackay , Janin Koch

Computer-aided design (CAD) is the most widely used modeling approach for technical design. The typical starting point in these designs is 2D sketches which can later be extruded and combined to obtain complex three-dimensional assemblies.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Wamiq Reyaz Para , Shariq Farooq Bhat , Paul Guerrero , Tom Kelly , Niloy Mitra , Leonidas Guibas , Peter Wonka

We introduce the concept of "Design Agents" for engineering applications, particularly focusing on the automotive design process, while emphasizing that our approach can be readily extended to other engineering and design domains. Our…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Mohamed Elrefaie , Janet Qian , Raina Wu , Qian Chen , Angela Dai , Faez Ahmed

Generative AI is reshaping how software is designed, written, and maintained. Advances in large language models (LLMs) are enabling new development styles - from chat-oriented programming and 'vibe coding' to agentic programming - that can…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Vivek Acharya

Conceptual architecture involves a highly creative exploration of novel ideas, often taken from other disciplines as architects consider radical new forms, materials, textures and colors for buildings. While today's generative AI systems…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Soo Ling Lim , Peter J Bentley , Fuyuki Ishikawa

Architectural design is a highly complex practice that involves a wide diversity of disciplines, technologies, proprietary design software, expertise, and an almost infinite number of constraints, across a vast array of design tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Theodoros Galanos , Antonios Liapis , Georgios N. Yannakakis

Sketch-based shape modeling aims to bridge the gap between 2D drawing and 3D modeling by providing an intuitive and accessible approach to create 3D shapes from 2D sketches. However, existing methods still suffer from limitations in…

Graphics · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Jie Zhou , Zhongjin Luo , Qian Yu , Xiaoguang Han , Hongbo Fu

Recent deep image-to-image translation techniques allow fast generation of face images from freehand sketches. However, existing solutions tend to overfit to sketches, thus requiring professional sketches or even edge maps as input. To…

Graphics · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Shu-Yu Chen , Wanchao Su , Lin Gao , Shihong Xia , Hongbo Fu

Generative AI technologies are growing in power, utility, and use. As generative technologies are being incorporated into mainstream applications, there is a need for guidance on how to design those applications to foster productive and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Justin D. Weisz , Michael Muller , Jessica He , Stephanie Houde

We propose an interactive GAN-based sketch-to-image translation method that helps novice users create images of simple objects. As the user starts to draw a sketch of a desired object type, the network interactively recommends plausible…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-27 Arnab Ghosh , Richard Zhang , Puneet K. Dokania , Oliver Wang , Alexei A. Efros , Philip H. S. Torr , Eli Shechtman

New systems employ Machine Learning to sift through large knowledge sources, creating flexible Large Language Models. These models discern context and predict sequential information in various communication forms. Generative AI, leveraging…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Ted Selker