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This paper proposes a simple and flexible storage model for use in a variety of multi-period optimal power flow problems. The proposed model is designed for research use in a broad assortment of contexts enabled by the following key…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-01 Frederik Geth , Carleton Coffrin , David M Fobes

We study a smart grid with wind power and battery storage. Traditionally, day-ahead planning aims to balance demand and wind power, yet actual wind conditions often deviate from forecasts. Short-term flexibility in storage and generation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-08 Thom S. Badings , Arnd Hartmanns , Nils Jansen , Marnix Suilen

The rapid uptake of renewable energy sources in the electricity grid leads to a demand in load shaping and flexibility. Energy storage devices such as batteries are a key element to provide solutions to these tasks. However, typically a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-16 Philipp Sauerteig , Karl Worthmann

The increasing penetration of inverter-based renewable generation has significantly reduced system inertia, making modern power grids more vulnerable to rapid frequency deviations following disturbances. While a wide range of flexible…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-18 Xiaojie Tao , Rajit Gadh

Aggregations of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs), such as air conditioners, offer valuable flexibility to the power grid. The aggregate power consumption of a TCL fleet can be controlled by adjusting thermostat setpoints. An…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-29 Mazen Elsaadany , Hamid R. Ossareh , Mads R. Almassalkhi

Incentivizing flexible consumption of end-users is key to maximizing the value of local exchanges within Renewable Energy Communities. If centralized coordination for flexible resources planning raises concerns regarding data privacy and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-12 Thomas Stegen , Julien Allard , Noé Diffels , François Vallée , Mevludin Glavic , Zacharie De Grève , Bertrand Cornélusse

In an isolated power grid or a micro-grid with a small carbon footprint, the penetration of renewable energy is usually high. In such power grids, energy storage is important to guarantee an uninterrupted and stable power supply for end…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-09-24 Peng Yang , Arye Nehorai

Electric vehicles (EVs) are an eco-friendly alternative to vehicles with internal combustion engines. Despite their environmental benefits, the massive electricity demand imposed by the anticipated proliferation of EVs could jeopardize the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-18 Nanduni I. Nimalsiri , Chathurika P. Mediwaththe , Elizabeth L. Ratnam , Marnie Shaw , David B. Smith , Saman K. Halgamuge

Wind integration in power grids is very difficult, essentially because of the uncertain nature of wind speed. Forecasting errors on output from wind turbines may have costly consequences. For instance, power might be bought at highest price…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-04-28 Luckny Zéphyr , C. Lindsay Anderson

As the penetration level of transmission-scale time-intermittent renewable generation resources increases, control of flexible resources will become important to mitigating the fluctuations due to these new renewable resources. Flexible…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2011-07-11 Krishnamurthy Dvijotham , Scott Backhaus , Misha Chertkov

Flexible energy resources can help balance the power grid by providing different types of ancillary services. However, the balancing potential of most types of resources is restricted by physical constraints such as the size of their energy…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-06-22 Fabian L. Müller , Stefan Woerner , John Lygeros

Sustainable energy systems require flexible elements to balance the variability of renewable energy sources. Demand response aims to adapt the demand to the variable generation, in particular by shifting the load in time. In this article,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-07-04 Chengyuan Han , Dirk Witthaut , Leonardo Rydin Gorjão , Philipp C. Böttcher

This letter introduces a method to manage energy storage in electricity grids. Starting from the stochastic characterization of electricity generation and demand, we propose an equation that relates the storage level for every time-step as…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-12-05 Pedro H. J. Nardelli , Hirley Alves

To mitigate global climate change, distributed energy resources (DERs), such as distributed generators, flexible loads, and energy storage systems (ESSs), have witnessed rapid growth in power distribution systems. When properly managed,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-21 Rui Xie , Yue Chen

As more and more renewable intermittent generations are being connected to the distribution grid, the grid operators require more flexibility to maintain the balance between supply and demand. The intermittencies give rise to situations…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-10 Ankur Majumdar , Omid Alizadeh-Mousavi

Data centers are facilities housing computing infrastructure for processing and storing digital information. The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence is driving unprecedented growth in data center capacity, with global electricity…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-30 Haoxiang Wan , Linhan Fang , Xingpeng Li

In response to global warming and energy shortages, there has been a significant shift towards integrating renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, and electric vehicles. Deploying electric vehicles within smart grids offers a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-18 Mehrshad Shokati , Parisa Mohammadi , Atoosa Amirinian

Electric vehicles (EVs) are finally making their way onto the roads. However, the challenges concerning their long charging times and their impact on congestion of the power distribution grid are still waiting to be resolved. With…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-31 Emin Ucer , Mithat Kisacikoglu , Murat Yuksel , Ali C. Gurbuz

The rapid electrification of residential heating and mobility sectors is expected to drive the existing distribution grid assets beyond their planned operating conditions. This change will also reveal new potentials through sector coupling,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-20 Soner Candas , Beneharo Reveron Baecker , Anurag Mohapatra , Thomas Hamacher

In the course of the energy transition, the expansion of generation and consumption will change, and many of these technologies, such as PV systems, electric cars and heat pumps, will influence the power flow, especially in the distribution…