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While multilingual large language models generally perform adequately, and sometimes even rival English performance on high-resource languages (HRLs), they often significantly underperform on low-resource languages (LRLs). Among several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yilei Tu , Andrew Xue , Freda Shi

Recently, the NLP community has witnessed a rapid advancement in multilingual and cross-lingual transfer research where the supervision is transferred from high-resource languages (HRLs) to low-resource languages (LRLs). However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Kaushal Kumar Maurya , Maunendra Sankar Desarkar

Existing research has shown that a multilingual pre-trained language model fine-tuned with one (source) language also performs well on downstream tasks for non-source languages, even though no fine-tuning is done on these languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Yiduo Guo , Yaobo Liang , Dongyan Zhao , Bing Liu , Duan Nan

Cross-lingual knowledge transfer, especially between high- and low-resource languages, remains challenging in natural language processing (NLP). This study offers insights for improving cross-lingual NLP applications through the combination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Ivan Vykopal , Simon Ostermann , Marián Šimko

An important concern in training multilingual neural machine translation (NMT) is to translate between language pairs unseen during training, i.e zero-shot translation. Improving this ability kills two birds with one stone by providing an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-21 Ngoc-Quan Pham , Jan Niehues , Thanh-Le Ha , Alex Waibel

Although multilingual language models exhibit impressive cross-lingual transfer capabilities on unseen languages, the performance on downstream tasks is impacted when there is a script disparity with the languages used in the multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Kurt Micallef , Nizar Habash , Claudia Borg , Fadhl Eryani , Houda Bouamor

The training paradigm for machine translation has gradually shifted, from learning neural machine translation (NMT) models with extensive parallel corpora to instruction finetuning on multilingual large language models (LLMs) with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Pengzhi Gao , Zhongjun He , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

While monolingual data has been shown to be useful in improving bilingual neural machine translation (NMT), effectively and efficiently leveraging monolingual data for Multilingual NMT (MNMT) systems is a less explored area. In this work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Yiren Wang , ChengXiang Zhai , Hany Hassan Awadalla

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance in cross-modality interaction, yet they also suffer adversarial vulnerabilities. In particular, the transferability of adversarial examples remains an ongoing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Hao Cheng , Erjia Xiao , Jiayan Yang , Jinhao Duan , Yichi Wang , Jiahang Cao , Qiang Zhang , Le Yang , Kaidi Xu , Jindong Gu , Renjing Xu

Document-level neural machine translation (DocNMT) achieves coherent translations by incorporating cross-sentence context. However, for most language pairs there's a shortage of parallel documents, although parallel sentences are readily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Biao Zhang , Ankur Bapna , Melvin Johnson , Ali Dabirmoghaddam , Naveen Arivazhagan , Orhan Firat

Multilingual BERT (mBERT) has demonstrated considerable cross-lingual syntactic ability, whereby it enables effective zero-shot cross-lingual transfer of syntactic knowledge. The transfer is more successful between some languages, but it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Ningyu Xu , Tao Gui , Ruotian Ma , Qi Zhang , Jingting Ye , Menghan Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models have been effective on large bilingual datasets. However, the existing methods and techniques show that the model's performance is highly dependent on the number of examples in training data. For many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Nalin Kumar , Deepak Kumar , Subhankar Mishra

The current state-of-the-art for few-shot cross-lingual transfer learning first trains on abundant labeled data in the source language and then fine-tunes with a few examples on the target language, termed target-adapting. Though this has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Haoran Xu , Kenton Murray

Recent work has shown the surprising ability of multi-lingual BERT to serve as a zero-shot cross-lingual transfer model for a number of language processing tasks. We combine this finding with a similarly-recently proposal on sentence-level…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Peng Shi , Jimmy Lin

Subword modeling for zero-resource languages aims to learn low-level representations of speech audio without using transcriptions or other resources from the target language (such as text corpora or pronunciation dictionaries). A good…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-20 Enno Hermann , Herman Kamper , Sharon Goldwater

Substantial improvements have been made in machine reading comprehension, where the machine answers questions based on a given context. Current state-of-the-art models even surpass human performance on several benchmarks. However, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Wei-Cheng Huang , Chien-yu Huang , Hung-yi Lee

In this work, we study whether multilingual language models (MultiLMs) can transfer logical reasoning abilities to other languages when they are fine-tuned for reasoning in a different language. We evaluate the cross-lingual reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Negar Foroutan , Mohammadreza Banaei , Karl Aberer , Antoine Bosselut

Massively multilingual language models such as multilingual BERT offer state-of-the-art cross-lingual transfer performance on a range of NLP tasks. However, due to limited capacity and large differences in pretraining data sizes, there is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Jonas Pfeiffer , Ivan Vulić , Iryna Gurevych , Sebastian Ruder

Cross-lingual model transfer is a compelling and popular method for predicting annotations in a low-resource language, whereby parallel corpora provide a bridge to a high-resource language and its associated annotated corpora. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-02 Meng Fang , Trevor Cohn

We propose a method to transfer knowledge across neural machine translation (NMT) models by means of a shared dynamic vocabulary. Our approach allows to extend an initial model for a given language pair to cover new languages by adapting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Surafel M. Lakew , Aliia Erofeeva , Matteo Negri , Marcello Federico , Marco Turchi