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Multilingual Language Models (\MLLMs) such as mBERT, XLM, XLM-R, \textit{etc.} have emerged as a viable option for bringing the power of pretraining to a large number of languages. Given their success in zero-shot transfer learning, there…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Sumanth Doddapaneni , Gowtham Ramesh , Mitesh M. Khapra , Anoop Kunchukuttan , Pratyush Kumar

Multilingual neural machine translation (MNMT) trained in multiple language pairs has attracted considerable attention due to fewer model parameters and lower training costs by sharing knowledge among multiple languages. Nonetheless,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Jian Yang , Yuwei Yin , Shuming Ma , Dongdong Zhang , Zhoujun Li , Furu Wei

Neural machine translation is known to require large numbers of parallel training sentences, which generally prevent it from excelling on low-resource language pairs. This thesis explores the use of cross-lingual transfer learning on neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Tom Kocmi

Building named entity recognition (NER) models for languages that do not have much training data is a challenging task. While recent work has shown promising results on cross-lingual transfer from high-resource languages to low-resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Xiaolei Huang , Jonathan May , Nanyun Peng

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) systems built on multilingual sequence-to-sequence Language Models (msLMs) fail to deliver expected results when the amount of parallel data for a language, as well as the language's representation in the…

In recent years, pre-trained Multilingual Language Models (MLLMs) have shown a strong ability to transfer knowledge across different languages. However, given that the aspiration for such an ability has not been explicitly incorporated in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Fred Philippy , Siwen Guo , Shohreh Haddadan

The recently proposed massively multilingual neural machine translation (NMT) system has been shown to be capable of translating over 100 languages to and from English within a single model. Its improved translation performance on low…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Aditya Siddhant , Melvin Johnson , Henry Tsai , Naveen Arivazhagan , Jason Riesa , Ankur Bapna , Orhan Firat , Karthik Raman

Cross-lingual transfer is a popular approach to increase the amount of training data for NLP tasks in a low-resource context. However, the best strategy to decide which cross-lingual data to include is unclear. Prior research often focuses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Verena Blaschke , Masha Fedzechkina , Maartje ter Hoeve

Realignment is a promising strategy to improve cross-lingual transfer in multilingual language models. However, empirical results are mixed and often unreliable, particularly for typologically distant or low-resource languages (LRLs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Quang Phuoc Nguyen , David Anugraha , Felix Gaschi , Jun Bin Cheng , En-Shiun Annie Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in Natural Language Processing (NLP), yet their cross-lingual performance consistency remains a significant challenge. This paper introduces a novel methodology for efficiently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zixiang Xu , Yanbo Wang , Yue Huang , Xiuying Chen , Jieyu Zhao , Meng Jiang , Xiangliang Zhang

Neural language modeling (LM) has led to significant improvements in several applications, including Automatic Speech Recognition. However, they typically require large amounts of training data, which is not available for many domains and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Navid Rekabsaz , Nikolaos Pappas , James Henderson , Banriskhem K. Khonglah , Srikanth Madikeri

Massively multilingual transformers pretrained with language modeling objectives (e.g., mBERT, XLM-R) have become a de facto default transfer paradigm for zero-shot cross-lingual transfer in NLP, offering unmatched transfer performance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Anne Lauscher , Vinit Ravishankar , Ivan Vulić , Goran Glavaš

Probing techniques for large language models (LLMs) have primarily focused on English, overlooking the vast majority of the world's languages. In this paper, we extend these probing methods to a multilingual context, investigating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Daoyang Li , Haiyan Zhao , Qingcheng Zeng , Mengnan Du

Cross-lingual knowledge transfer, especially between high- and low-resource languages, remains challenging in natural language processing (NLP). This study offers insights for improving cross-lingual NLP applications through the combination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Ivan Vykopal , Simon Ostermann , Marián Šimko

Multilingual transformers (XLM, mT5) have been shown to have remarkable transfer skills in zero-shot settings. Most transfer studies, however, rely on automatically translated resources (XNLI, XQuAD), making it hard to discern the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Hai Hu , He Zhou , Zuoyu Tian , Yiwen Zhang , Yina Ma , Yanting Li , Yixin Nie , Kyle Richardson

Although recent Massively Multilingual Language Models (MMLMs) like mBERT and XLMR support around 100 languages, most existing multilingual NLP benchmarks provide evaluation data in only a handful of these languages with little linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Kabir Ahuja , Sandipan Dandapat , Sunayana Sitaram , Monojit Choudhury

In zero-shot cross-lingual transfer, a supervised NLP task trained on a corpus in one language is directly applicable to another language without any additional training. A source of cross-lingual transfer can be as straightforward as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Hyunjin Choi , Judong Kim , Seongho Joe , Seungjai Min , Youngjune Gwon

Transfer learning from large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a powerful technique to enable knowledge-based fine-tuning for a number of tasks, adaptation of models for different domains and even languages. However, it remains an open…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Sovesh Mohapatra , Somesh Mohapatra

Transfer learning based on pretraining language models on a large amount of raw data has become a new norm to reach state-of-the-art performance in NLP. Still, it remains unclear how this approach should be applied for unseen languages that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Benjamin Muller , Antonis Anastasopoulos , Benoît Sagot , Djamé Seddah

Though the pre-trained contextualized language model (PrLM) has made a significant impact on NLP, training PrLMs in languages other than English can be impractical for two reasons: other languages often lack corpora sufficient for training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Zuchao Li , Kevin Parnow , Hai Zhao , Zhuosheng Zhang , Rui Wang , Masao Utiyama , Eiichiro Sumita