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In an age overrun with information, the ability to process reams of data has become crucial. The demand for data will continue to grow as smart gadgets multiply and become increasingly integrated into our daily lives. Next-generation…

In recent years, the energy consumption of computing systems has increased and a large fraction of this energy is consumed in main memory. Towards this, researchers have proposed use of non-volatile memory, such as phase change memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2013-09-17 Sparsh Mittal

As robots become smarter and more ubiquitous, optimizing the power consumption of intelligent compute becomes imperative towards ensuring the sustainability of technological advancements. Neuromorphic computing hardware makes use of…

Collocated data processing and storage are the norm in biological systems. Indeed, the von Neumann computing architecture, that physically and temporally separates processing and memory, was born more of pragmatism based on available…

The memristance of a memristor depends on the amount of charge flowing through it and when current stops flowing through it, it remembers the state. Thus, memristors are extremely suited for implementation of memory units. Memristors find…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Udit Kumar Agarwal , Shikhar Makhija , Varun Tripathi , Kunwar Singh

Neuromorphic computing with non-volatile memory (NVM) can significantly improve performance and lower energy consumption of machine learning tasks implemented using spike-based computations and bio-inspired learning algorithms. High…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Shihao Song , Anup Das

The rapid growth of deep neural network (DNN) workloads has significantly increased the demand for large-capacity on-chip SRAM in machine learning (ML) applications, with SRAM arrays now occupying a substantial fraction of the total die…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Subhradip Chakraborty , Ankur Singh , Xuming Chen , Gourav Datta , Akhilesh R. Jaiswal

Neuromorphic computing aspires to overcome the intrinsic inefficiencies of von Neumann architectures by co-locating memory and computation in physical devices that emulate biological neurons and synapses. Memristive materials stand at the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Salvador Cardona-Serra

Neuromorphic Computing promises orders of magnitude improvement in energy efficiency compared to traditional von Neumann computing paradigm. The goal is to develop an adaptive, fault-tolerant, low-footprint, fast, low-energy intelligent…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Md Sakib Hasan , Catherine D. Schuman , Zhongyang Zhang , Tauhidur Rahman , Garrett S. Rose

Solid-state memory is an essential component of the digital age. With advancements in healthcare technology and the Internet of Things (IoT), the demand for ultra-dense, ultra-low-power memory is increasing. In this review, we present a…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2016-06-28 Mohamed T. Ghoneim , Muhammad M. Hussain

Traditional Von Neumann computing is falling apart in the era of exploding data volumes as the overhead of data transfer becomes forbidding. Instead, it is more energy-efficient to fuse compute capability with memory where the data reside.…

Frontier AI development relies on powerful AI supercomputers, yet analysis of these systems is limited. We create a dataset of 500 AI supercomputers from 2019 to 2025 and analyze key trends in performance, power needs, hardware cost,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Konstantin F. Pilz , James Sanders , Robi Rahman , Lennart Heim

This paper introduces a novel approach in neuromorphic computing, integrating heterogeneous hardware nodes into a unified, massively parallel architecture. Our system transcends traditional single-node constraints, harnessing the neural…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Murat Isik , Jonathan Naoukin , I. Can Dikmen

The demand for computation resources and energy efficiency of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) applications requires a new paradigm to overcome the "Memory Wall". Analog In-Memory Computing (AIMC) is a promising paradigm since it…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Nazareno Bruschi , Giuseppe Tagliavini , Angelo Garofalo , Francesco Conti , Irem Boybat , Luca Benini , Davide Rossi

As transistor-based memory technologies like dynamic random access memory (DRAM) approach their scalability limits, the need to explore alternative storage solutions becomes increasingly urgent. Phase-change memory (PCM) has gained…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Mahek Desai , Rowena Quinn , Marjan Asadinia

Neuromorphic computing, inspired by the brain, promises extreme efficiency for certain classes of learning tasks, such as classification and pattern recognition. The performance and power consumption of neuromorphic computing depends…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-06-14 Baibhab Chatterjee , Priyadarshini Panda , Shovan Maity , Ayan Biswas , Kaushik Roy , Shreyas Sen

With the rise of AI in recent years and the increase in complexity of the models, the growing demand in computational resources is starting to pose a significant challenge. The need for higher compute power is being met with increasingly…

Due to many limitations of Von Neumann architecture such as speed, memory bandwidth, efficiency of global interconnects and increase in the application of artificial neural network, researchers have been pushed to look into alternative…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Harshit Roy , Mrigank Sharad

Machine learning imitates the basic features of biological neural networks to efficiently perform tasks such as pattern recognition. This has been mostly achieved at a software level, and a strong effort is currently being made to mimic…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-03-06 Javier del Valle , Pavel Salev , Yoav Kalcheim , Ivan K. Schuller

Compute-in-memory (CiM) is a promising solution for addressing the challenges of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) hardware such as 'memory wall' issue. Specifically, CiM employing nonvolatile memory (NVM)…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Yifei Zhou , Xuchu Huang , Jianyi Yang , Kai Ni , Hussam Amrouch , Cheng Zhuo , Xunzhao Yin