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State-of-the-art neural language models represented by Transformers are becoming increasingly complex and expensive for practical applications. Low-bit deep neural network quantization techniques provides a powerful solution to dramatically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Junhao Xu , Shoukang Hu , Jianwei Yu , Xunying Liu , Helen Meng

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs), which offer bidirectional context and flexible masked-denoising generation, are emerging as a compelling alternative to autoregressive (AR) LLMs. However, like AR LLMs, their model sizes continue to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Tianao Zhang , Zhiteng Li , Xianglong Yan , Haotong Qin , Yong Guo , Yulun Zhang

We propose a resource-efficient framework for compressing large language models through knowledge distillation, combined with guided chain-of-thought reinforcement learning. Using Qwen 3B as the teacher and Qwen 0.5B as the student, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Alejandro Paredes La Torre , Barbara Flores , Diego Rodriguez

Pre-trained transformer models with extended context windows are notoriously expensive to run at scale, often limiting real-world deployment due to their high computational and memory requirements. In this paper, we introduce Hamming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Mark Horton , Tergel Molom-Ochir , Peter Liu , Bhavna Gopal , Chiyue Wei , Cong Guo , Brady Taylor , Deliang Fan , Shan X. Wang , Hai Li , Yiran Chen

Pretrained large language models (LLMs) exhibit exceptional general language processing capabilities but come with significant demands on memory and computational resources. As a powerful compression technology, binarization can extremely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Wei Huang , Yangdong Liu , Haotong Qin , Ying Li , Shiming Zhang , Xianglong Liu , Michele Magno , Xiaojuan Qi

Transformer architectures deliver state-of-the-art accuracy via dense full-attention, but their quadratic time and memory complexity with respect to sequence length limits practical deployment. Linear attention mechanisms offer linear or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xiaojie Xia , Huigang Zhang , Chaoliang Zhong , Jun Sun , Yusuke Oishi

Weight binarization has emerged as a promising strategy to reduce the complexity of large language models (LLMs). Existing approaches fall into post-training binarization, which is simple but causes severe performance loss, and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-22 Ba-Hien Tran , Van Minh Nguyen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown immense potential in enhancing various aspects of our daily lives, from conversational AI to search and AI assistants. However, their growing capabilities come at the cost of extremely large model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Yingyu Liang , Jiangxuan Long , Zhenmei Shi , Zhao Song , Yufa Zhou

Recently, quantization has been widely used for the compression and acceleration of large language models (LLMs). Due to the outliers in LLMs, it is crucial to flatten weights and activations to minimize quantization error with equally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yuxuan Sun , Ruikang Liu , Haoli Bai , Han Bao , Kang Zhao , Yuening Li , Jiaxin Hu , Xianzhi Yu , Lu Hou , Chun Yuan , Xin Jiang , Wulong Liu , Jun Yao

Limited computational budgets often prevent transformers from being used in production and from having their high accuracy utilized. A knowledge distillation approach addresses the computational efficiency by self-distilling BERT into a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Shira Guskin , Moshe Wasserblat , Chang Wang , Haihao Shen

Autoregressive Transformers are strong language models but incur O(T) complexity during per-token generation due to the self-attention mechanism. Recent work proposes kernel-based methods to approximate causal self-attention by replacing it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Huanru Henry Mao

It is notoriously difficult to train Transformers on small datasets; typically, large pre-trained models are instead used as the starting point. We explore the weights of such pre-trained Transformers (particularly for vision) to attempt to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Asher Trockman , J. Zico Kolter

Large Language Models struggle with memory demands from the growing Key-Value (KV) cache as context lengths increase. Existing compression methods homogenize head dimensions or rely on attention-guided token pruning, often sacrificing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Xiaoran Liu , Siyang He , Qiqi Wang , Ruixiao Li , Yuerong Song , Zhigeng Liu , Linlin Li , Qun Liu , Zengfeng Huang , Qipeng Guo , Ziwei He , Xipeng Qiu

1-bit LLM quantization offers significant advantages in reducing storage and computational costs. However, existing methods typically train 1-bit LLMs from scratch, failing to fully leverage pre-trained models. This results in high training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhijun Tu , Jian Li , Yuanyuan Xi , Siqi Liu , Chuanjian Liu , Hanting Chen , Jie Hu , Yunhe Wang

In this work, we propose Dimple, the first Discrete Diffusion Multimodal Large Language Model (DMLLM). We observe that training with a purely discrete diffusion approach leads to significant training instability, suboptimal performance, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Runpeng Yu , Xinyin Ma , Xinchao Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs), with their increasing depth and number of parameters, have demonstrated outstanding performance across a variety of natural language processing tasks. However, this growth in scale leads to increased…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Hossein Rajabzadeh , Aref Jafari , Aman Sharma , Benyamin Jami , Hyock Ju Kwon , Ali Ghodsi , Boxing Chen , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the field of natural language processing, while the expensive memory and computation consumption impede their practical deployment. Quantization emerges as one of the most effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Hong Chen , Chengtao Lv , Liang Ding , Haotong Qin , Xiabin Zhou , Yifu Ding , Xuebo Liu , Min Zhang , Jinyang Guo , Xianglong Liu , Dacheng Tao

Following the success of dot-product attention in Transformers, numerous approximations have been recently proposed to address its quadratic complexity with respect to the input length. While these variants are memory and compute efficient,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Ankit Gupta , Guy Dar , Shaya Goodman , David Ciprut , Jonathan Berant

Diffusion language models offer parallel token generation and inherent bidirectionality, promising more efficient and powerful sequence modeling compared to autoregressive approaches. However, state-of-the-art diffusion models (e.g., Dream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Zhanqiu Hu , Jian Meng , Yash Akhauri , Mohamed S. Abdelfattah , Jae-sun Seo , Zhiru Zhang , Udit Gupta

Large language models require significant computational resources for deployment, making quantization essential for practical applications. However, the main obstacle to effective quantization lies in systematic outliers in activations and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Cuong Pham , Hoang Anh Dung , Cuong C. Nguyen , Trung Le , Gustavo Carneiro , Jianfei Cai , Thanh-Toan Do