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In this paper, a sensing-assisted non-line-of-sight (NLoS) identification method for dynamic uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) positioning is proposed for the first time. For urban UAV-to-ground scenarios, a new multi-modal…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-14 Huijuan Qiao , Lu Bai , Mingran Sun , Mengyuan Lu , Jiajing Chen , Xiang Cheng

Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) imaging allows to observe objects partially or fully occluded from direct view, by analyzing indirect diffuse reflections off a secondary, relay surface. Despite its many potential applications, existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-07 Xiaochun Liu , Ibón Guillén , Marco La Manna , Ji Hyun Nam , Syed Azer Reza , Toan Huu Le , Diego Gutierrez , Adrian Jarabo , Andreas Velten

This paper introduces a new approach to localize user devices located in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) areas using a passive, non-reconfigurable, and frequency-selective metasurface called metaprism. By analyzing the spatial filtering of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-25 Marina Lotti , Giacomo Calesini , Davide Dardari

Imaging objects obscured by occluders is a significant challenge for many applications. A camera that could "see around corners" could help improve navigation and mapping capabilities of autonomous vehicles or make search and rescue…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-04-06 Felix Heide , Matthew O'Toole , Kai Zang , David Lindell , Steven Diamond , Gordon Wetzstein

This paper presents a method of passive non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging using polarization cues. A key observation is that the oblique light has a different polarimetric signal. It turns out this effect is due to the polarization axis…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-02 Kenichiro Tanaka , Yasuhiro Mukaigawa , Achuta Kadambi

Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging and tracking is an emerging technology that allows the shape or position of objects around corners or behind diffusers to be recovered from transient, time-of-flight measurements. However, existing NLOS…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Christopher A. Metzler , David B. Lindell , Gordon Wetzstein

This paper reports the findings of an experimental study on the problem of line-of-sight (LOS)/non-line-of-sight (NLOS) classification in an indoor environment. Specifically, we deploy a pair of NI 2901 USRP software-defined radios (SDR) in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-01 Muhammad Asim , Muhammad Ozair Iqbal , Waqas Aman , Muhammad Mahboob Ur Rahman , Qammer H. Abbasi

Emerging single-photon-sensitive sensors combined with advanced inverse methods to process picosecond-accurate time-stamped photon counts have given rise to unprecedented imaging capabilities. Rather than imaging photons that travel along…

Optics · Physics 2020-05-19 D. Faccio , A. Velten , G. Wetzstein

This paper introduces an identification method that determines whether a millimeter-wave wireless transmission using directional antennas is being established over a line-of-sight (LOS) or a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) cluster for indoor…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-27 Pengfei Lyu , Aziz Benlarbi-Delaï , Zhuoxiang Ren , Julien Sarrazin

WiFi technology has been used pervasively in fine-grained indoor localization, gesture recognition, and adaptive communication. Achieving better performance in these tasks generally boils down to differentiating Line-Of-Sight (LOS) from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Sahib Singh Dhanjal , Maani Ghaffari , Ryan M. Eustice

Most prior work on performance analysis of ultra-dense cellular networks (UDNs) has considered standard power-law path loss models and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation modeled by Rayleigh fading. The effect of line-of-sight (LOS) on…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-09-29 Jesús Arnau , Italo Atzeni , Marios Kountouris

Time-of-arrival (TOA)-based localization in mixed line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments is challenging because conventional Euclidean range models do not capture diffraction-dominated propagation. We show that the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-30 Gaurav Duggal , Richard M. Buehrer , Harpreet S. Dhillon , Jeffrey H. Reed

Localization of objects is vital for robot-object interaction. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) application in robotics is an emerging and widely used object localization technique due to its accurate distance measurement, long-range,…

Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging relies on collecting light that is rendered incoherent from the multiple scattering events and is then post-processed to provide an estimate of the hidden scene. Here we employ coherent phase control of the…

Optics · Physics 2019-12-25 Ilya Starshynov , Omair Ghafur , James Fitches , Daniele Faccio

Accurate outdoor localization in Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) environments remains a critical challenge for wireless communication and sensing systems. Existing methods, including positioning based on the Global Navigation Satellite System…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-11 Jiajie Xu , Yifan Guo , Xiucheng Wang , Nan Cheng , Tingting Yang

Ultra-wideband (UWB) is gaining popularity with devices like AirTags for precise home item localization but faces significant challenges when scaled to large environments like seaports. The main challenges are calibration and localization…

The presence of Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) blind spots resulting from roadside parking in urban environments poses a significant challenge to road safety, particularly due to the sudden emergence of pedestrians. mmWave technology leverages…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Hee-Yeun Kim , Byeonggyu Park , Byonghyok Choi , Hansang Cho , Byungkwan Kim , Soomok Lee , Mingu Jeon , Seung-Woo Seo , Seong-Woo Kim

Conventional sensor systems record information about directly visible objects, whereas occluded scene components are considered lost in the measurement process. Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) methods try to recover such hidden objects from their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Nicolas Scheiner , Florian Kraus , Fangyin Wei , Buu Phan , Fahim Mannan , Nils Appenrodt , Werner Ritter , Jürgen Dickmann , Klaus Dietmayer , Bernhard Sick , Felix Heide

This paper revisits the problem of locating a signal-emitting source from time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) measurements under non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation. Many currently fashionable methods for NLOS mitigation in TDOA-based…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-15 Wenxin Xiong , Christian Schindelhauer , Hing Cheung So , Joan Bordoy , Andrea Gabbrielli , Junli Liang

We develop a unified Fisher-information framework for localization in environments with both Line-of-Sight (LOS) and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) paths, focusing on diffraction-dominated NLOS propagation characteristic of Outdoor-to-Indoor…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-02 Gaurav Duggal , R. Michael Buehrer , Harpreet S. Dhillon , Jeffrey H. Reed