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The increasing scale of Transformer models has led to an increase in their pre-training computational requirements. While quantization has proven to be effective after pre-training and during fine-tuning, applying quantization in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Kamran Chitsaz , Quentin Fournier , Gonçalo Mordido , Sarath Chandar

Quantum machine learning offers promising advantages for classification tasks, but noise, decoherence, and connectivity constraints in current devices continue to limit the efficient execution of feature map-based circuits. Gate Assessment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 F. Rodríguez-Díaz , D. Gutiérrez-Avilés , A. Troncoso , F. Martínez-Álvarez

We investigate a fundamental structural question in Grouped Query Attention (GQA) transformers: do the layers most sensitive to task correctness coincide with the layers where positional encoding adaptation has the greatest leverage? We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Manoj Chandrashekar Rao

Transformers are the backbone of powerful foundation models for many Vision and Natural Language Processing tasks. But their compute and memory/storage footprint is large, and so, serving such models is expensive often requiring high-end…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Harshavardhan Adepu , Zhanpeng Zeng , Li Zhang , Vikas Singh

Feed-forward 3D reconstruction models, represented by Visual Geometry Grounded Transformer (VGGT), jointly predict multiple visual geometry tasks such as depth estimation, camera pose prediction, and point cloud reconstruction in a single…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yipu Zhang , Jintao Cheng , Weilun Feng , Jiehao Luo , Chuanguang Yang , Zhulin An , Yongjun Xu , Wei Zhang

Self-attention in Transformers is typically implemented as $\mathrm{softmax}(QK^\top/\sqrt{d})V$, where $Q=XW_Q$, $K=XW_K$, and $V=XW_V$ are learned linear projections of the input $X$. We ask whether these learned projections are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Debarshi Kundu , Archisman Ghosh , Swaroop Ghosh , Vasant Honavar

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved outstanding performance across a wide range of natural language processing tasks, but their enormous parameter counts impose ubstantial memory and computational overheads. This challenge is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Seoungsub Lee , In Seo Kim , Seon Wook Kim

Quantization-Aware Training from scratch has emerged as a promising approach for building efficient large language models (LLMs) with extremely low-bit weights (sub 2-bit), which can offer substantial advantages for edge deployment.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Wenzheng Zhang , Bingzheng Liu , Yang Hu , Xiaoying Bai , Wentao Zhang , Bin Cui

Quantization followed by parameter-efficient fine-tuning has emerged as a promising paradigm for downstream adaptation under tight GPU memory constraints. However, this sequential pipeline fails to leverage the intricate interaction between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Changhai Zhou , Shiyang Zhang , Yuhua Zhou , Qian Qiao , Jun Gao , Cheng Jin , Kaizhou Qin , Weizhong Zhang

As large language models (LLMs) become more prevalent, there is a growing need for new and improved quantization methods that can meet the computationalast layer demands of these modern architectures while maintaining the accuracy. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Wenhua Cheng , Yiyang Cai , Kaokao Lv , Haihao Shen

Quantum Computing offers a new paradigm for efficient computing and many AI applications could benefit from its potential boost in performance. However, the main limitation is the constraint to linear operations that hampers the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-10 Antonio Macaluso , Luca Clissa , Stefano Lodi , Claudio Sartori

How can we accurately quantize a pre-trained Vision Transformer model? Quantization algorithms compress Vision Transformers (ViTs) into low-bit formats, reducing memory and computation demands with minimal accuracy degradation. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Minjun Kim , Jaeri Lee , Jongjin Kim , Jeongin Yun , Yongmo Kwon , U Kang

With the increasing popularity of graph-based learning, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) win lots of attention from the research and industry field because of their high accuracy. However, existing GNNs suffer from high memory footprints (e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Boyuan Feng , Yuke Wang , Xu Li , Shu Yang , Xueqiao Peng , Yufei Ding

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are state-of-the-art in numerous computer vision tasks such as object classification and detection. However, the large amount of parameters they contain leads to a high computational complexity and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-01 Ghouthi Boukli Hacene , Vincent Gripon , Matthieu Arzel , Nicolas Farrugia , Yoshua Bengio

Neural networks commonly execute on hardware accelerators such as NPUs and GPUs for their size and computation overhead. These accelerators are costly and it is hard to scale their resources to handle real-time workload fluctuations. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Jaemin Kim , Hongjun Um , Sungkyun Kim , Yongjun Park , Jiwon Seo

As deep learning (DL) is being rapidly pushed to edge computing, researchers invented various ways to make inference computation more efficient on mobile/IoT devices, such as network pruning, parameter compression, and etc. Quantization, as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-13 Tao Sheng , Chen Feng , Shaojie Zhuo , Xiaopeng Zhang , Liang Shen , Mickey Aleksic

Quantization techniques such as BitsAndBytes, AWQ, and GPTQ are widely used as a standard method in deploying large language models but often degrades accuracy when using low-bit representations, e.g., 4 bits. Low-rank correction methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Selim An , Il hong Suh , Yeseong Kim

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) is crucial for efficient model deployment, yet its effectiveness on Ascend NPU remains under-explored compared to GPU architectures. This paper presents a case study of representative PTQ baselines applied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Yuchen Luo , Fangyue Zhu , Ruining Zhou , Mingzhe Huang , Jian Zhu , Fanyu Fan , Wei Shao

Post-training quantization (PTQ) reduces a model's memory footprint by mapping full precision weights into low bit weights without costly retraining, but can degrade its downstream performance especially in low 2- to 3-bit settings. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Hanqi Xiao , Yi-Lin Sung , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Mohit Bansal

Quantization of weights and activations in Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is a powerful technique for network compression, and has enjoyed significant attention and success. However, much of the inference-time benefit of quantization is…

Performance · Computer Science 2019-12-13 Andrew Anderson , David Gregg