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Machine Learning systems are vulnerable to adversarial attacks and will highly likely produce incorrect outputs under these attacks. There are white-box and black-box attacks regarding to adversary's access level to the victim learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Saeid Samizade , Zheng-Hua Tan , Chao Shen , Xiaohong Guan

Hate speech detection is a critical problem in social media platforms, being often accused for enabling the spread of hatred and igniting physical violence. Hate speech detection requires overwhelming resources including high-performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Tomer Wullach , Amir Adler , Einat Minkov

Well-annotated data is a prerequisite for good Natural Language Processing models. Too often, though, annotation decisions are governed by optimizing time or annotator agreement. We make a case for nuanced efforts in an interdisciplinary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Federico Bianchi , Stefanie Anja Hills , Patricia Rossini , Dirk Hovy , Rebekah Tromble , Nava Tintarev

One of the biggest issues facing the use of machine learning in medical imaging is the lack of availability of large, labelled datasets. The annotation of medical images is not only expensive and time consuming but also highly dependent on…

We conduct relatively extensive investigations of automatic hate speech (HS) detection using different state-of-the-art (SoTA) baselines over 11 subtasks of 6 different datasets. Our motivation is to determine which of the recent SoTA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Tosin Adewumi , Sana Sabah Sabry , Nosheen Abid , Foteini Liwicki , Marcus Liwicki

Speech synthesis is used in a wide variety of industries. Nonetheless, it always sounds flat or robotic. The state of the art methods that allow for prosody control are very cumbersome to use and do not allow easy tuning. To tackle some of…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Enrique Hortal , Rodrigo Brechard Alarcia

Today, the internet is an integral part of our daily lives, enabling people to be more connected than ever before. However, this greater connectivity and access to information increase exposure to harmful content such as cyber-bullying and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Lanqin Yuan , Tianyu Wang , Gabriela Ferraro , Hanna Suominen , Marian-Andrei Rizoiu

We present our experience as annotators in the creation of high-quality, adversarial machine-reading-comprehension data for extractive QA for Task 1 of the First Workshop on Dynamic Adversarial Data Collection (DADC). DADC is an emergent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Damian Y. Romero Diaz , Magdalena Anioł , John Culnan

Demographic information is often used to model annotator perspectives in subjective tasks such as hate speech detection, but its benefit is inconsistent: it improves performance in some settings and behaves as noise in others. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Weibin Cai , Reza Zafarani

Automatic hate speech detection using deep neural models is hampered by the scarcity of labeled datasets, leading to poor generalization. To mitigate this problem, generative AI has been utilized to generate large amounts of synthetic hate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Sagi Pendzel , Tomer Wullach , Amir Adler , Einat Minkov

Algorithmic hate speech detection faces significant challenges due to the diverse definitions and datasets used in research and practice. Social media platforms, legal frameworks, and institutions each apply distinct yet overlapping…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Jan Fillies , Adrian Paschke

Automatic detection of online hate speech serves as a crucial step in the detoxification of the online discourse. Moreover, accurate classification can promote a better understanding of the proliferation of hate as a social phenomenon.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Tom Marzea , Abraham Israeli , Oren Tsur

The rise of online platforms exacerbated the spread of hate speech, demanding scalable and effective detection. However, the accuracy of hate speech detection systems heavily relies on human-labeled data, which is inherently susceptible to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Tommaso Giorgi , Lorenzo Cima , Tiziano Fagni , Marco Avvenuti , Stefano Cresci

Hate speech detection has become a hot topic in recent years due to the exponential growth of offensive language in social media. It has proven that, state-of-the-art hate speech classifiers are efficient only when tested on the data with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Hadi Mansourifar , Dana Alsagheer , Weidong Shi , Lan Ni , Yan Huang

In recent years, Vietnam witnesses the mass development of social network users on different social platforms such as Facebook, Youtube, Instagram, and Tiktok. On social medias, hate speech has become a critical problem for social network…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Son T. Luu , Kiet Van Nguyen , Ngan Luu-Thuy Nguyen

Hate speech in social media is a growing phenomenon, and detecting such toxic content has recently gained significant traction in the research community. Existing studies have explored fine-tuning language models (LMs) to perform hate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Md Rabiul Awal , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Eshaan Tanwar , Tanmay Garg , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Data sparsity is one of the key challenges associated with model development in Natural Language Understanding (NLU) for conversational agents. The challenge is made more complex by the demand for high quality annotated utterances commonly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Olga Golovneva , Charith Peris

Fighting online hate speech is a challenge that is usually addressed using Natural Language Processing via automatic detection and removal of hate content. Besides this approach, counter narratives have emerged as an effective tool employed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Helena Bonaldi , Sara Dellantonio , Serra Sinem Tekiroglu , Marco Guerini

This paper evaluates data augmentation and feature enhancement techniques for hate speech detection, comparing traditional classifiers, e.g., Delta Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (Delta TF-IDF), with transformer-based models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Brian Jing Hong Nge , Stefan Su , Thanh Thi Nguyen , Campbell Wilson , Alexandra Phelan , Naomi Pfitzner

More capable language models increasingly saturate existing task benchmarks, in some cases outperforming humans. This has left little headroom with which to measure further progress. Adversarial dataset creation has been proposed as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Jason Phang , Angelica Chen , William Huang , Samuel R. Bowman