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Directed graphs are widely used in modelling of nonsymmetric relations in various sciences and engineering disciplines. We discuss invariants of strongly connected directed graphs - minimal number of vertices or edges necessary to remove to…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-10-21 Peteris Daugulis

In this note, we prove a lower bound for the positive kinkiness of a closed braid which we then use to derive an estimate for the positive kinkiness of a link in terms of its Seifert system. As an application, we show that certain pretzel…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Christian Bohr

In this paper, we establish that the arc shift operation on a $n$-component virtual link diagram acts as an unknotting operation when the virtual link is $n$-homogeneous proper, aiding in the classification of \( n \)-component virtual…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-02-14 Aastha Sahore , Komal Negi , Amrender Singh Gill , Madeti Prabhakar

The study of knots and links from a probabilistic viewpoint provides insight into the behavior of "typical" knots, and opens avenues for new constructions of knots and other topological objects with interesting properties. The knotting of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-04-27 Chaim Even-Zohar

In this paper we present a systematic method to generate prime knot and prime link minimal triple-point projections, and then classify all classical prime knots and prime links with triple-crossing number at most four. We also extend the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2020-05-25 Michal Jablonowski , Lukasz Trojanowski

We study invariants of virtual graphoids, which are virtual spatial graph diagrams with two distinguished degree-one vertices modulo graph Reidemeister moves applied away from the distinguished vertices. Generalizing previously known…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-20 Neslihan Gügümcü , Louis H. Kauffman , Puttipong Pongtanapaisan

We describe an algorithm that recognizes some (perhaps all) intrinsically knotted (IK) graphs, and can help find knotless embeddings for graphs that are not IK. The algorithm, implemented as a Mathematica program, has already been used by…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2013-10-10 Jonathan Miller , Ramin Naimi

We report on the geometry and mechanics of knotted stiff strings. We discuss both closed and open knots. Our two main results are: (i) Their equilibrium energy as well as the equilibrium tension for open knots depend on the type of knot as…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-25 R. Gallotti , O. Pierre-Louis

We investigate the geometry of hyperbolic knots and links whose diagrams have a high amount of twisting of multiple strands. We find information on volume and certain isotopy classes of geodesics for the complements of these links, based…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2009-06-25 Jessica S. Purcell

We consider a graph called a lattice diagram, which is a graph in the $xy$-plane such that each edge is parallel to the $x$-axis or the $y$-axis. In [4], we investigated transformations of certain lattice diagrams, and we considered the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Inasa Nakamura

An input-output model for networks with link uncertainty is developed. The main result presents a set of integral quadratic constraints (IQCs) that collectively imply robust stability of the uncertain network dynamics. The model dependency…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-25 Simone Mariano , Chung-Yao Kao , Michael Cantoni

We present four models for a random graph and show that, in each case, the probability that a graph is intrinsically knotted goes to one as the number of vertices increases. We also argue that, for $k \geq 18$, most graphs of order $k$ are…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-11-27 Kazuhiro Ichihara , Thomas W. Mattman

Classical knots in $\mathbb{R}^3$ can be represented by diagrams in the plane. These diagrams are formed by curves with a finite number of transverse crossings, where each crossing is decorated to indicate which strand of the knot passes…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2013-09-30 Allison Henrich , Rebecca Hoberg , Slavik Jablan , Lee Johnson , Elizabeth Minten , Ljiljana Radovic

As we add rigid bars between points in the plane, at what point is there a giant (linear-sized) rigid component, which can be rotated and translated, but which has no internal flexibility? If the points are generic, this depends only on the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-07-27 Shiva Prasad Kasiviswanathan , Cristopher Moore , Louis Theran

The primary objects of study in the ``knot theory of complex plane curves'' are C-links: links (or knots) cut out of a 3-sphere in the complex plane by complex plane transverse and totally tangential. Transverse C-links are naturally…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Lee Rudolph

Pseudodiagrams are knot or link diagrams where some of the crossing information is missing. Pseudoknots are equivalence classes of pseudodiagrams, where equivalence is generated by a natural set of Reidemeister moves. In this paper, we…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2013-11-15 Francois Dorais , Allison Henrich , Slavik Jablan , Inga Johnson

Grid diagrams are special representations of knots in the three-sphere that are used to define a combinatorial version of knot Floer homology. Paolo Ghiggini and Yi Ni showed that knot Floer homology detects fibered knots. Their results…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-02-04 Paul Leon Itzlinger

Connections between vital linkages and zero forcing are established. Specifically, the notion of a rigid linkage is introduced as a special kind of unique linkage and it is shown that spanning forcing paths of a zero forcing process form a…

Virtual knot theory is a generalization of knot theory which is based on Gauss chord diagrams and link diagrams on closed oriented surfaces. A twisted knot is a generalization of a virtual knot, which corresponds to a link diagram on a…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2015-12-04 Naoko Kamada

A graph is called (generically) rigid in $\mathbb{R}^d$ if, for any choice of sufficiently generic edge lengths, it can be embedded in $\mathbb{R}^d$ in a finite number of distinct ways, modulo rigid transformations. Here we deal with the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2017-01-26 Ioannis Z. Emiris , Ioannis Psarros