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Since 2020, GitGuardian has been detecting checked-in hard-coded secrets in GitHub repositories. During 2020-2023, GitGuardian has observed an upward annual trend and a four-fold increase in hard-coded secrets, with 12.8 million exposed in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Setu Kumar Basak , Tanmay Pardeshi , Bradley Reaves , Laurie Williams

Background: According to GitGuardian's monitoring of public GitHub repositories, secrets sprawl continued accelerating in 2022 by 67% compared to 2021, exposing over 10 million secrets (API keys and other credentials). Though many…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Setu Kumar Basak , Jamison Cox , Bradley Reaves , Laurie Williams

According to GitGuardian's monitoring of public GitHub repositories, the exposure of secrets (API keys and other credentials) increased two-fold in 2021 compared to 2020, totaling more than six million secrets. However, no benchmark dataset…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Setu Kumar Basak , Lorenzo Neil , Bradley Reaves , Laurie Williams

Throughout 2021, GitGuardian's monitoring of public GitHub repositories revealed a two-fold increase in the number of secrets (database credentials, API keys, and other credentials) exposed compared to 2020, accumulating more than six…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Setu Kumar Basak , Lorenzo Neil , Bradley Reaves , Laurie Williams

Throughout 2021, GitGuardian's monitoring of public GitHub repositories revealed a two-fold increase in the number of secrets (database credentials, API keys, and other credentials) exposed compared to 2020, accumulating more than six…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Setu Kumar Basak , Lorenzo Neil , Bradley Reaves , Laurie Williams

In the digital era, accidental exposure of sensitive information such as API keys, tokens, and credentials is a growing security threat. While most prior work focuses on detecting secrets in source code, leakage in software issue reports…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Sadif Ahmed , Md Nafiu Rahman , Zahin Wahab , Gias Uddin , Rifat Shahriyar

A large number of URLs are made public by various platforms for security analysis, archiving, and paste sharing -- such as VirusTotal, URLScan.io, Hybrid Analysis, the Wayback Machine, and RedHunt. These services may unintentionally expose…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Tarek Ramadan , AbdelRahman Abdou , Mohammad Mannan , Amr Youssef

GitHub and GitLab are widely used collaborative platforms whose issue-tracking systems contain large volumes of unstructured text, including logs, code snippets, and configuration examples. This creates a significant risk of accidental…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Md Nafiu Rahman , Sadif Ahmed , Zahin Wahab , Gias Uddin , Rifat Shahriyar

Hosting over 10 million of software projects, GitHub is one of the most important data sources to study behavior of developers and software projects. However, with the increase of the size of open source datasets, the potential threats to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-05-09 Can Cheng , Bing Li , Zengyang Li , Peng Liang

Version control systems for source code, such as Git, are key tools in modern software development environments. Many developers use online services, such as GitHub or GitLab, for collaborative software development. While software projects…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Alexander Krause , Jan H. Klemmer , Nicolas Huaman , Dominik Wermke , Yasemin Acar , Sascha Fahl

Static analysis tools come in many forms andconfigurations, allowing them to handle various tasks in a (secure) development process: code style linting, bug/vulnerability detection, verification, etc., and adapt to the specific requirements…

Static Application Security Testing (SAST) tools play a vital role in modern software development by automatically detecting potential vulnerabilities in source code. However, their effectiveness is often limited by a high rate of false…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Tom Ohlmer , Michael Schlichtig , Eric Bodden

Context: Static analyses are well-established to aid in understanding bugs or vulnerabilities during the development process or in large-scale studies. A low false-positive rate is essential for the adaption in practice and for precise…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Anna-Katharina Wickert , Michael Schlichtig , Marvin Vogel , Lukas Winter , Mira Mezini , Eric Bodden

Sensitive information leakage in code repositories has emerged as a critical security challenge. Traditional detection methods that rely on regular expressions, fingerprint features, and high-entropy calculations often suffer from high…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Bin Wang , Hui Li , Liyang Zhang , Qijia Zhuang , Ao Yang , Dong Zhang , Xijun Luo , Bing Lin

Asset owner identification is an important first step for any information security organization, allowing organizations the ability to identify and detect data breaches and losses, vulnerabilities, possible attack surfaces, and define…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Craig Jacobik

In the past utilities relied on in-field inspections to identify asset defects. Recently, utilities have started using drone-based inspections to enhance the field-inspection process. We consider a vast repository of drone images, providing…

Modern software relies on a multitude of automated testing and quality assurance tools to prevent errors, bugs and potential vulnerabilities. This study sets out to provide a head-to-head, quantitative and qualitative evaluation of six…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Damian Gnieciak , Tomasz Szandala

Web applications are distributed applications, they are programs that run on more than one computer and communicate through a network or server. This very distributed nature of web applications, combined with the scale and sheer complexity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Akash Nagaraj , Bishesh Sinha , Mukund Sood , Yash Mathur , Sanchika Gupta , Dinkar Sitaram

Mobile apps are predominantly integrated with cloud services to benefit from enhanced functionalities. Adopting authentication using secrets such as API keys is crucial to ensure secure mobile-cloud interactions. However, developers often…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Kevin Li , Lin Ling , Jinqiu Yang , Lili Wei

Background. Developers use Automated Static Analysis Tools (ASATs) to control for potential quality issues in source code, including defects and technical debt. Tool vendors have devised quite a number of tools, which makes it harder for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Valentina Lenarduzzi , Savanna Lujan , Nyyti Saarimaki , Fabio Palomba
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