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Related papers: Dealing with Imbalanced Classes in Bot-IoT Dataset

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The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has created an urgent demand for adaptive, resource-efficient Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) capable of handling dynamic and evolving cyber threats. This paper investigates…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Hanzala Afzaal , Danish Memon , Chouhdary Bilal Raza , Muhammad Khurram Shahzad

This study introduces a hybrid deep learning model for intrusion detection in Industrial IoT (IIoT) systems, combining ResNet-1D, BiGRU, and Multi-Head Attention (MHA) for effective spatial-temporal feature extraction and attention-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Afrah Gueriani , Hamza Kheddar , Ahmed Cherif Mazari

The location fingerprinting method, which typically utilizes supervised learning, has been widely adopted as a viable solution for the indoor positioning problem. Many indoor positioning datasets are imbalanced. Models trained on imbalanced…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-01 Fahad Alhomayani , Mohammad H. Mahoor

Several Machine Learning (ML) methodologies have been proposed to improve security in Internet Of Things (IoT) networks and reduce the damage caused by the action of malicious agents. However, detecting and classifying attacks with high…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Diego Abreu , Antônio Abelém

Detecting and rejecting unknown out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is critical for deployed neural networks to void unreliable predictions. In real-world scenarios, however, the efficacy of existing OOD detection methods is often impeded by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Kai Liu , Zhihang Fu , Sheng Jin , Chao Chen , Ze Chen , Rongxin Jiang , Fan Zhou , Yaowu Chen , Jieping Ye

The detection of cyber-attacks in computer networks is a crucial and ongoing research challenge. Machine learning-based attack classification offers a promising solution, as these models can be continuously updated with new data, enhancing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Maximilian Wolf , Dieter Landes , Andreas Hotho , Daniel Schlör

The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices across multiple sectors has escalated serious network security concerns. This has prompted ongoing research in Machine Learning (ML)-based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Shihua Sun , Pragya Sharma , Kenechukwu Nwodo , Angelos Stavrou , Haining Wang

The rapid increase in the use of IoT devices brings many benefits to the digital society, ranging from improved efficiency to higher productivity. However, the limited resources and the open nature of these devices make them vulnerable to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Joseph Rose , Matthew Swann , Gueltoum Bendiab , Stavros Shiaeles , Nicholas Kolokotronis

There have been significant issues given the IoT, with heterogeneity of billions of devices and with a large amount of data. This paper proposed an innovative design of the Internet of Things (IoT) Environment Intrusion Detection System (or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Nadia Ansar , Mohammad Sadique Ansari , Mohammad Sharique , Aamina Khatoon , Md Abdul Malik , Md Munir Siddiqui

Imbalanced learning is a fundamental challenge in data mining, where there is a disproportionate ratio of training samples in each class. Over-sampling is an effective technique to tackle imbalanced learning through generating synthetic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Daochen Zha , Kwei-Herng Lai , Qiaoyu Tan , Sirui Ding , Na Zou , Xia Hu

Real world datasets are heavily skewed where some classes are significantly outnumbered by the other classes. In these situations, machine learning algorithms fail to achieve substantial efficacy while predicting these under-represented…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Mimi Mukherjee , Matloob Khushi

Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) is a common rebalancing strategy for handling imbalanced tabular data sets. However, few works analyze SMOTE theoretically. In this paper, we derive several non-asymptotic upper bound on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-18 Abdoulaye Sakho , Emmanuel Malherbe , Erwan Scornet

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an extension of the traditional Internet, which allows a very large number of smart devices, such as home appliances, network cameras, sensors and controllers to connect to one another to share information…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-13 Jiawei Su , Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas , Sanjiva Prasad , Daniele Sgandurra , Yaokai Feng , Kouichi Sakurai

Accurate and robust classification of diseases is important for proper diagnosis and treatment. However, medical datasets often face challenges related to limited sample sizes and inherent imbalanced distributions, due to difficulties in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Shuhan Li , Yi Lin , Hao Chen , Kwang-Ting Cheng

The rapid expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has transformed industries and daily life by enabling widespread connectivity and data exchange. However, this increased interconnection has introduced serious security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Hikmat A. M. Abdeljaber , Md. Alamgir Hossain , Sultan Ahmad , Ahmed Alsanad , Md Alimul Haque , Sudan Jha , Jabeen Nazeer

Internet of things (IoT) networks, boosted by 6G technology, are transforming various industries. However, their widespread adoption introduces significant security risks, particularly in detecting rare but potentially damaging…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Safaa Menssouri , El Mehdi Amhoud

The Internet of Things (IoT) relies heavily on wireless communication devices that are able to discover and interact with other wireless devices in their vicinity. The communication flexibility coupled with software vulnerabilities in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-20 Muhammad Junaid Farooq , Quanyan Zhu

With the wide application of IoT and industrial IoT technologies, the network structure is becoming more and more complex, and the traffic scale is growing rapidly, which makes the traditional security protection mechanism face serious…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Qiuyan Xiang , Shuang Wu , Dongze Wu , Yuxin Liu , Zhenkai Qin

Supervised deep learning methods are enjoying enormous success in many practical applications of computer vision and have the potential to revolutionize robotics. However, the marked performance degradation to biases and imbalanced data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-14 Aadarsh Sahoo , Ankit Singh , Rameswar Panda , Rogerio Feris , Abir Das

The Internet of Things (IoT) has altered living by controlling devices/things over the Internet. IoT has specified many smart solutions for daily problems, transforming cyber-physical systems (CPS) and other classical fields into smart…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Mir Shahnawaz Ahmed , Shahid Mehraj Shah