Related papers: Interval Effect Algebras and Holevo Instruments
Our basic structure is a finite-dimensional complex Hilbert space $H$. We point out that the set of effects on $H$ form a convex effect algebra. Although the set of operators on $H$ also form a convex effect algebra, they have a more…
We first show that every operation possesses an unique dual operation and measures an unique effect. If $a$ and $b$ are effects and $J$ is an operation that measures $a$, we define the sequential product of $a$ then $b$ relative to $J$.…
Our basic concept is the set $\mathcal{E}(H)$ of effects on a finite dimensional complex Hilbert space $H$. If $a,b\in\mathcal{E}(H)$, we define the sequential product $a[\mathcal{I}]b$ of $a$ then $b$. The sequential product depends on the…
We introduce the concepts of dual instruments and sub-observables. We show that although a dual instruments measures a unique observable, it determines many sub-observables. We define a unique minimal extension of a sub-observable to an…
We present a mathematical framework for quantum mechanics in which the basic entities and operations have physical significance. In this framework the primitive concepts are states and effects and the resulting mathematical structure is a…
Effect algebras form a formal algebraic description of the structure of the so-called effects in a Hilbert space which serves as an event-state space for effects in quantum mechanics. This is why effect algebras are considered as logics of…
This article introduces the concepts of multi-observables and multi-instruments in quantum mechanics. A multi-observable $A$ (multi-instrument $\mathcal{I}$) has an outcome space of the form $\Omega =\Omega _1\times\cdots\times\Omega _n$…
Until recently, a quantum instrument was defined to be a completely positive operation-valued measure from the set of states on a Hilbert space to itself. In the last few years, this definition has been generalized to such measures between…
State operators on convex effect algebras, in particular effect algebras of unital JC-algebras, JW-algebras and convex sigma-MV algebras are studied and their relations with conditional expectations in algebraic sense as well as in the…
We introduce a class of monotone $\sigma$-complete effect algebras, called representable, which are $\sigma$-homomorphic images of a class of monotone $\sigma$-complete effect algebras of functions taking values in the interval $[0,1]$ and…
We show that every state on an interval effect algebra is an integral through some regular Borel probability measure defined on the Borel $\sigma$-algebra of a compact Hausdorff simplex. This is true for every effect algebra satisfying…
Motivated by the notion of coexistence of effect-valued observables, we give a characterization of coexistent subsets of interval effect algebras.
Effect systems are lightweight extensions to type systems that can verify a wide range of important properties with modest developer burden. But our general understanding of effect systems is limited primarily to systems where the order of…
Instrumental variables (IVs) are widely used to estimate causal effects in the presence of unobserved confounding between exposure and outcome. An IV must affect the outcome exclusively through the exposure and be unconfounded with the…
This article considers quantum systems described by a finite-dimensional complex Hilbert space $H$. We first define the concept of a finite observable on $H$. We then discuss ways of combining observables in terms of convex combinations,…
Sequential measurements of non-commuting observables produce order effects that are well-known in quantum physics. But their conceptual basis, a significant measurement interaction, is relevant for far more general situations. We argue that…
Algebraic effects and handlers support composable and structured control-flow abstraction. However, existing designs of algebraic effects often require effects to be executed sequentially. This paper studies parallel algebraic effect…
A quantum effect is an operator $A$ on a complex Hilbert space $H$ that satisfies $0\leq A\leq I$, ${\cal E} (H)$ is the set of all quantum effects on $H$. In 2001, Professor Gudder and Nagy studied the sequential product $A\circ…
In this report, we introduce observation algebras, constructed by considering the downclosed subsets of a coherence space ordered by reverse inclusion. These may be interpreted as specifications of sets of events via some predicates with…
This paper presents some of the basic properties of conditioned observables in finite-dimensional quantum mechanics. We begin by defining the sequential product of quantum effects and use this to define the sequential product of two…