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Optimal Transport (OT) has attracted significant interest in the machine learning community, not only for its ability to define meaningful distances between probability distributions -- such as the Wasserstein distance -- but also for its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Laetitia Chapel , Romain Tavenard , Samuel Vaiter

The Poisson-Nernst-Planck system of equations used to model ionic transport is interpreted as a gradient flow for the Wasserstein distance and a free energy in the space of probability measures with finite second moment. A variational…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-09-08 David Kinderlehrer , Léonard Monsaingeon , Xiang Xu

We introduce an ordinary differential equation (ODE) based deep generative method for learning conditional distributions, named Conditional F\"ollmer Flow. Starting from a standard Gaussian distribution, the proposed flow could approximate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-14 Jinyuan Chang , Zhao Ding , Yuling Jiao , Ruoxuan Li , Jerry Zhijian Yang

In this paper, we use the class of Wasserstein metrics to study asymptotic properties of posterior distributions. Our first goal is to provide sufficient conditions for posterior consistency. In addition to the well-known Schwartz's…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-07-01 Minwoo Chae , Pierpaolo De Blasi , Stephen G. Walker

We develop a projected Wasserstein distance for the two-sample test, a fundamental problem in statistics and machine learning: given two sets of samples, to determine whether they are from the same distribution. In particular, we aim to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-01 Jie Wang , Rui Gao , Yao Xie

Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks (WGANs) provide a versatile class of models, which have attracted great attention in various applications. However, this framework has two main drawbacks: (i) Wasserstein-1 (or Earth-Mover)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-20 Xin Guo , Johnny Hong , Tianyi Lin , Nan Yang

We introduce Primal-Dual Wasserstein GAN, a new learning algorithm for building latent variable models of the data distribution based on the primal and the dual formulations of the optimal transport (OT) problem. We utilize the primal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-25 Mevlana Gemici , Zeynep Akata , Max Welling

In this article we study a variational problem providing a way to extend for all times minimizing geodesics connecting two given probability measures, in the Wasserstein space. This is simply obtained by allowing for negative coefficients…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-06 Thomas O. Gallouët , Andrea Natale , Gabriele Todeschi

In generative modeling, the Wasserstein distance (WD) has emerged as a useful metric to measure the discrepancy between generated and real data distributions. Unfortunately, it is challenging to approximate the WD of high-dimensional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Jiqing Wu , Zhiwu Huang , Dinesh Acharya , Wen Li , Janine Thoma , Danda Pani Paudel , Luc Van Gool

In generative modeling, the Wasserstein distance (WD) has emerged as a useful metric to measure the discrepancy between generated and real data distributions. Unfortunately, it is challenging to approximate the WD of high-dimensional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Jiqing Wu , Zhiwu Huang , Dinesh Acharya , Wen Li , Janine Thoma , Danda Pani Paudel , Luc Van Gool

Variational problems that involve Wasserstein distances have been recently proposed to summarize and learn from probability measures. Despite being conceptually simple, such problems are computationally challenging because they involve…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-08-26 Marco Cuturi , Gabriel Peyré

We study the contraction in Wasserstein distance of the coordinate ascent variational inference algorithm. This is shown to hold under a transport-information inequality at the fixed points and a functional smoothness condition. The results…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-29 Rocco Caprio , Adrien Corenflos , Sam Power

Wasserstein GANs (WGANs), built upon the Kantorovich-Rubinstein (KR) duality of Wasserstein distance, is one of the most theoretically sound GAN models. However, in practice it does not always outperform other variants of GANs. This is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-13 Minkai Xu , Zhiming Zhou , Guansong Lu , Jian Tang , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu

We derive first-order (in the stepsize) bounds on the bias in Wasserstein distances of the invariant measure of stochastic gradient kinetic Langevin dynamics with minimal assumptions on the stochastic gradient noise. These bounds sharpen…

Computation · Statistics 2026-04-28 Daniel Paulin , Peter A. Whalley

Flow-based generative models enjoy certain advantages in computing the data generation and the likelihood, and have recently shown competitive empirical performance. Compared to the accumulating theoretical studies on related score-based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-30 Xiuyuan Cheng , Jianfeng Lu , Yixin Tan , Yao Xie

Wasserstein distances are metrics on probability distributions inspired by the problem of optimal mass transportation. Roughly speaking, they measure the minimal effort required to reconfigure the probability mass of one distribution in…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-04-10 Victor M. Panaretos , Yoav Zemel

This paper studies the problem of computing a linear approximation of quadratic Wasserstein distance $W_2$. In particular, we compute an approximation of the negative homogeneous weighted Sobolev norm whose connection to Wasserstein…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-02 Philip Greengard , Jeremy G. Hoskins , Nicholas F. Marshall , Amit Singer

The sliced Wasserstein (SW) distances between two probability measures are defined as the expectation of the Wasserstein distance between two one-dimensional projections of the two measures. The randomness comes from a projecting direction…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-20 Khai Nguyen , Nhat Ho

This paper targets the task with discrete and periodic class labels ($e.g.,$ pose/orientation estimation) in the context of deep learning. The commonly used cross-entropy or regression loss is not well matched to this problem as they ignore…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Xiaofeng Liu , Yang Zou , Tong Che , Peng Ding , Ping Jia , Jane You , Kumar B. V. K

This article details a novel numerical scheme to approximate gradient flows for optimal transport (i.e. Wasserstein) metrics. These flows have proved useful to tackle theoretically and numerically non-linear diffusion equations that model…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-03-10 Gabriel Peyré