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Machine Learning (ML) is making a strong resurgence in tune with the massive generation of unstructured data which in turn requires massive computational resources. Due to the inherently compute- and power-intensive structure of Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-27 Behzad Salami , Osman Unsal , Adrian Cristal

The automated generation of hardware register-transfer level (RTL) code with large language models (LLMs) shows promise, yet current solutions struggle to produce syntactically and functionally correct code for complex digital designs. This…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Nowfel Mashnoor , Mohammad Akyash , Hadi Kamali , Kimia Azar

Estimating the quality of register transfer level (RTL) designs is crucial in the electronic design automation (EDA) workflow, as it enables instant feedback on key metrics like area and delay without the need for time-consuming logic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Yi Liu , Hongji Zhang , Yiwen Wang , Dimitris Tsaras , Lei Chen , Mingxuan Yuan , Qiang Xu

Accurate power prediction in VLSI design is crucial for effective power optimization, especially as designs get transformed from gate-level netlist to layout stages. However, traditional accurate power simulation requires time-consuming…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Wenkai Li , Yao Lu , Wenji Fang , Jing Wang , Qijun Zhang , Zhiyao Xie

Manual optimization of Register Transfer Level (RTL) datapath is commonplace in industry but holds back development as it can be very time consuming. We utilize the fact that a complex transformation of one RTL into another equivalent RTL…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Samuel Coward , George A. Constantinides , Theo Drane

Hardware design faces a fundamental challenge: raising abstraction to improve productivity while maintaining control over low-level details like cycle accuracy. Traditional RTL design in languages like SystemVerilog composes modules through…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Youwei Xiao , Zizhang Luo , Weijie Peng , Yuyang Zou , Yun Liang

Due to the unavailability of routing information in design stages prior to detailed routing (DR), the tasks of timing prediction and optimization pose major challenges. Inaccurate timing prediction wastes design effort, hurts circuit…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Vidya A. Chhabria , Wenjing Jiang , Andrew B. Kahng , Sachin S. Sapatnekar

Autonomous robotic systems require advanced control frameworks to achieve complex temporal objectives that extend beyond conventional stability and trajectory tracking. Signal Temporal Logic (STL) provides a formal framework for specifying…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-29 Kazunobu Serizawa , Kazumune Hashimoto , Wataru Hashimoto , Masako Kishida , Shigemasa Takai

The ever-growing popularity of large language models (LLMs) has resulted in their increasing adoption for hardware design and verification. Prior research has attempted to assess the capability of LLMs to automate digital hardware design by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Sneha Swaroopa , Rijoy Mukherjee , Anushka Debnath , Rajat Subhra Chakraborty

With the growing use of Large Language Model (LLM)-based tools like ChatGPT, Perplexity, and Gemini across industries, there is a rising need for efficient LLM inference systems. These systems handle requests with a unique two-phase…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Agrim Bari , Parikshit Hegde , Gustavo de Veciana

Timing analysis is an essential and demanding verification method for Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuit design and optimization. In addition, it also serves as the cornerstone of the final sign-off, determining whether the chip is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Jatin Nainani , Chia-Tung Ho , Anirudh Dhurka , Haoxing Ren

The multi-pumping resource sharing technique can overcome the limitations commonly found in single-clocked FPGA designs by allowing hardware components to operate at a higher clock frequency than the surrounding system. However, this…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Carl-Johannes Johnsen , Tiziano De Matteis , Tal Ben-Nun , Johannes de Fine Licht , Torsten Hoefler

The increasing demand of dedicated accelerators to improve energy efficiency and performance has highlighted FPGAs as a promising option to deliver both. However, programming FPGAs in hardware description languages requires long time and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Maria A. Dávila-Guzmán , Rubén Gran Tejero , María Villarroya-Gaudó , Darío Suárez Gracia

Register-Transfer Level (RTL) verification is a primary bottleneck, consuming 60-70% of development time. While Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise for RTL automation, their performance and research focus have overwhelmingly centered…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Yujie Zhao , Zhijing Wu , Boqin Yuan , Zhongming Yu , Hejia Zhang , Wentao Ni , Chia-Tung Ho , Haoxing Ren , Jishen Zhao

This paper investigates the online monitoring problem for cyber-physical systems under signal temporal logic (STL) specifications. The objective is to design an online monitor that evaluates system correctness at runtime based on partial…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-27 Tao Han , Shaoyuan Li , Xiang Yin

We introduce a metric that can quantify the temporal relaxation of Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specifications and facilitate resilient control synthesis in the face of infeasibilities. The proposed metric quantifies a cumulative notion of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-13 Ali Tevfik Buyukkocak , Derya Aksaray

Real-time and human-interpretable decision-making in cyber-physical systems is a significant but challenging task, which usually requires predictions of possible future events from limited data. In this paper, we introduce a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Erfan Aasi , Mingyu Cai , Cristian Ioan Vasile , Calin Belta

Large language models (LLMs) achieve state-of-the-art accuracy on complex reasoning tasks by generating multiple chain-of-thought (CoT) traces, but using a fixed token budget per query leads to over-computation on easy inputs and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Katrina Brown , Aneesh Muppidi , Rana Shahout

Test-Time Scaling (TTS) has proven effective in improving the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) during inference. However, existing research has overlooked the efficiency of TTS from a latency-sensitive perspective. Through a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Zili Wang , Tianyu Zhang , Haoli Bai , Lu Hou , Xianzhi Yu , Wulong Liu , Shiming Xiang , Lei Zhu

High-Level Synthesis allows hardware designers to create complex RTL designs using C/C++. The traditional HLS workflow involves iterations of C/C++ simulation for partial functional verification and HLS synthesis for coarse timing…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Rishov Sarkar , Cong Hao