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The remarkable ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to understand and follow instructions has sometimes been limited by their in-context learning (ICL) performance in low-resource languages. To address this, we introduce a novel approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Xiaoqian Li , Ercong Nie , Sheng Liang

Lifelong or continual learning remains to be a challenge for artificial neural network, as it is required to be both stable for preservation of old knowledge and plastic for acquisition of new knowledge. It is common to see previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Song Zhang , Gehui Shen , Jinsong Huang , Zhi-Hong Deng

Few-shot class-incremental learning (FSCIL) aims to continually fit new classes with limited training data, while maintaining the performance of previously learned classes. The main challenges are overfitting the rare new training samples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Mingli Zhu , Zihao Zhu , Sihong Chen , Chen Chen , Baoyuan Wu

Graph Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning (GFSCIL) enables models to continually learn from limited samples of novel tasks after initial training on a large base dataset. Existing GFSCIL approaches typically utilize Prototypical Networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Jinhui Pang , Changqing Lin , Hao Lin , Zhihui Zhang , Weiping Ding , Yu Liu , Xiaoshuai Hao

This paper introduces a two-stage framework designed to enhance long-tail class incremental learning, enabling the model to progressively learn new classes, while mitigating catastrophic forgetting in the context of long-tailed data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Jayateja Kalla , Soma Biswas

Class-incremental learning (CIL) aims to continually learn a sequence of tasks, with each task consisting of a set of unique classes. Graph CIL (GCIL) follows the same setting but needs to deal with graph tasks (e.g., node classification in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Chaoxi Niu , Guansong Pang , Ling Chen , Bing Liu

Models trained in the context of continual learning (CL) should be able to learn from a stream of data over an undefined period of time. The main challenges herein are: 1) maintaining old knowledge while simultaneously benefiting from it…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Oleksiy Ostapenko , Mihai Puscas , Tassilo Klein , Patrick Jähnichen , Moin Nabi

Exemplar-free class-incremental learning enables models to learn new classes over time without storing data from old ones. As multimodal graph-structured data becomes increasingly prevalent, existing methods struggle with challenges like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Haochen You , Baojing Liu

Continual learning (CL) aims to empower models to learn new tasks without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. Most prior works concentrate on the techniques of architectures, replay data, regularization, \etc. However, the category…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Bolin Ni , Hongbo Zhao , Chenghao Zhang , Ke Hu , Gaofeng Meng , Zhaoxiang Zhang , Shiming Xiang

We propose a causal framework to explain the catastrophic forgetting in Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) and then derive a novel distillation method that is orthogonal to the existing anti-forgetting techniques, such as data replay and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Xinting Hu , Kaihua Tang , Chunyan Miao , Xian-Sheng Hua , Hanwang Zhang

In this paper, we propose a general framework in continual learning for generative models: Feature-oriented Continual Learning (FoCL). Unlike previous works that aim to solve the catastrophic forgetting problem by introducing regularization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Qicheng Lao , Mehrzad Mortazavi , Marzieh Tahaei , Francis Dutil , Thomas Fevens , Mohammad Havaei

Cognitive augmentation is a cornerstone in advancing education, particularly through personalized learning. However, personalizing extensive textual materials, such as narratives and academic textbooks, remains challenging due to their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Ryugo Morita , Ko Watanabe , Jinjia Zhou , Andreas Dengel , Shoya Ishimaru

Multi-modal understanding plays a crucial role in artificial intelligence by enabling models to jointly interpret inputs from different modalities. However, conventional approaches such as contrastive learning often struggle with modality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Jungkyoo Shin , Bumsoo Kim , Eunwoo Kim

Class incremental learning (CIL) is a challenging setting of continual learning, which learns a series of tasks sequentially. Each task consists of a set of unique classes. The key feature of CIL is that no task identifier (or task-id) is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Haowei Lin , Yijia Shao , Weinan Qian , Ningxin Pan , Yiduo Guo , Bing Liu

Class-incremental learning (CIL) is typically evaluated under predefined schedules with equal-sized tasks, leaving more realistic and complex cases unexplored. However, a practical CIL system should learns immediately when any number of new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Zhiming Xu , Baile Xu , Jian Zhao , Furao Shen , Suorong Yang

Deep learning models are prone to forgetting information learned in the past when trained on new data. This problem becomes even more pronounced in the context of federated learning (FL), where data is decentralized and subject to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Sara Babakniya , Zalan Fabian , Chaoyang He , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi , Salman Avestimehr

In-context learning (ICL) allows large models to adapt to tasks using a few examples, yet its extension to vision-language models (VLMs) remains fragile. Our analysis reveals that the fundamental limitation lies in an inductive gap, models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Haoyu Wang , Haonan Wang , Yuyan Chen , Jun Chen , Gang Liu , Qian Wang , Jiahong Yan , Yanghua Xiao

Multitask learning assumes that models capable of learning from multiple tasks can achieve better quality and efficiency via knowledge transfer, a key feature of human learning. Though, state of the art ML models rely on high customization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Andrea Gesmundo , Jeff Dean

Person re-identification (re-id) remains challenging due to significant intra-class variations across different cameras. Recently, there has been a growing interest in using generative models to augment training data and enhance the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Zhedong Zheng , Xiaodong Yang , Zhiding Yu , Liang Zheng , Yi Yang , Jan Kautz

Federated Class-Incremental Learning (FCIL) increasingly becomes important in the decentralized setting, where it enables multiple participants to collaboratively train a global model to perform well on a sequence of tasks without sharing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Thinh Nguyen , Khoa D Doan , Binh T. Nguyen , Danh Le-Phuoc , Kok-Seng Wong