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The continued evolution and diversity of malware constitutes a major threat in modern systems. It is well proven that security defenses currently available are ineffective to mitigate the skills and imagination of cyber-criminals…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Irina Baptista , Stavros Shiaeles , Nicholas Kolokotronis

Over the past decade, deep learning (DL) has been successfully applied to many industrial domain-specific tasks. However, the current state-of-the-art DL software still suffers from quality issues, which raises great concern especially in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-04-27 Xiyue Zhang , Xiaofei Xie , Lei Ma , Xiaoning Du , Qiang Hu , Yang Liu , Jianjun Zhao , Meng Sun

Machine Learning (ML) models are applied in a variety of tasks such as network intrusion detection or Malware classification. Yet, these models are vulnerable to a class of malicious inputs known as adversarial examples. These are slightly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-10-18 Kathrin Grosse , Praveen Manoharan , Nicolas Papernot , Michael Backes , Patrick McDaniel

In learning problems, the noise inherent to the task at hand hinders the possibility to infer without a certain degree of uncertainty. Quantifying this uncertainty, regardless of its wide use, assumes high relevance for security-sensitive…

Recently researchers have proposed using deep learning-based systems for malware detection. Unfortunately, all deep learning classification systems are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Previous work has studied adversarial attacks against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-19 Jack W. Stokes , De Wang , Mady Marinescu , Marc Marino , Brian Bussone

Adversarial examples add imperceptible alterations to inputs with the objective to induce misclassification in machine learning models. They have been demonstrated to pose significant challenges in domains like image classification, with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Muhammad Salman , Benjamin Zi Hao Zhao , Hassan Jameel Asghar , Muhammad Ikram , Sidharth Kaushik , Mohamed Ali Kaafar

Malware continues to be a major cyber threat, despite the tremendous effort that has been made to combat them. The number of malware in the wild steadily increases over time, meaning that we must resort to automated defense techniques. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Deqiang Li , Qianmu Li , Yanfang Ye , Shouhuai Xu

Machine learning (ML) has demonstrated significant advancements in Android malware detection (AMD); however, the resilience of ML against realistic evasion attacks remains a major obstacle for AMD. One of the primary factors contributing to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Hamid Bostani , Zhengyu Zhao , Veelasha Moonsamy

The detection of malware is a critical task for the protection of computing environments. This task often requires extremely low false positive rates (FPR) of 0.01% or even lower, for which modern machine learning has no readily available…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Andre T. Nguyen , Edward Raff , Charles Nicholas , James Holt

Deep learning has emerged as a powerful approach for malware detection, demonstrating impressive accuracy across various data representations. However, these models face critical limitations in real-world, non-stationary environments where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Pawan Acharya , Lan Zhang

Numerous open-source and commercial malware detectors are available. However, their efficacy is threatened by new adversarial attacks, whereby malware attempts to evade detection, e.g., by performing feature-space manipulation. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Ruoxi Sun , Minhui Xue , Gareth Tyson , Tian Dong , Shaofeng Li , Shuo Wang , Haojin Zhu , Seyit Camtepe , Surya Nepal

We investigate a Deep Learning based system for malware detection. In the investigation, we experiment with different combination of Deep Learning architectures including Auto-Encoders, and Deep Neural Networks with varying layers over…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Mohit Sewak , Sanjay K. Sahay , Hemant Rathore

Adversarial attacks have demonstrated the vulnerability of Machine Learning (ML) image classifiers in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) systems. An adversarial attack can deceive the classifier into making…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Tian Ye , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor Prasanna , Carl Busart

We consider adversarial training of deep neural networks through the lens of Bayesian learning, and present a principled framework for adversarial training of Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs) with certifiable guarantees. We rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Matthew Wicker , Luca Laurenti , Andrea Patane , Zhoutong Chen , Zheng Zhang , Marta Kwiatkowska

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices is paralleled by them being on the front-line of malicious attacks. This has led to an explosion in the number of IoT malware, with continued mutations, evolution, and sophistication.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Ahmed Abusnaina , Afsah Anwar , Sultan Alshamrani , Abdulrahman Alabduljabbar , RhongHo Jang , Daehun Nyang , David Mohaisen

Machine Learning (ML) promises to enhance the efficacy of Android Malware Detection (AMD); however, ML models are vulnerable to realistic evasion attacks--crafting realizable Adversarial Examples (AEs) that satisfy Android malware domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Hamid Bostani , Zhengyu Zhao , Zhuoran Liu , Veelasha Moonsamy

Machine learning-based malware detectors are increasingly vulnerable to adversarial examples. Traditional defenses, such as one-shot adversarial training, often fail against adaptive attackers who use reinforcement learning to bypass…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Olha Jurečková , Martin Jureček , Matouš Kozák , Róbert Lórencz

Machine learning-based malware detection is known to be vulnerable to adversarial evasion attacks. The state-of-the-art is that there are no effective defenses against these attacks. As a response to the adversarial malware classification…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Deqiang Li , Qianmu Li , Yanfang Ye , Shouhuai Xu

The problem of malicious software (malware) detection and classification is a complex task, and there is no perfect approach. There is still a lot of work to be done. Unlike most other research areas, standard benchmarks are difficult to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Ahmed Bensaoud , Jugal Kalita , Mahmoud Bensaoud

Anti-malware engines are the first line of defense against malicious software. While widely used, feature engineering-based anti-malware engines are vulnerable to unseen (zero-day) attacks. Recently, deep learning-based static anti-malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Mohammadreza Ebrahimi , Ning Zhang , James Hu , Muhammad Taqi Raza , Hsinchun Chen