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Deep neural networks (DNNs) have made tremendous progress in the past ten years and have been applied in various critical applications. However, recent studies have shown that deep neural networks are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. By…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Xinrui Liu , Yajie Wang , Yu-an Tan , Kefan Qiu , Yuanzhang Li

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have long been recognized as vulnerable to backdoor attacks. By providing poisoned training data in the fine-tuning process, the attacker can implant a backdoor into the victim model. This enables input samples…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Abdullah Arafat Miah , Yu Bi

Backdoor (trojan) attacks embed hidden, controllable behaviors into machine-learning models so that models behave normally on benign inputs but produce attacker-chosen outputs when a trigger is present. This survey reviews the rapidly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Bilal Hussain Abbasi , Yanjun Zhang , Leo Zhang , Shang Gao

Machine learning models are routinely deployed on a wide range of computing hardware. Although such hardware is typically expected to produce identical results, differences in its design can lead to small numerical variations during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jonas Möller , Erik Imgrund , Thorsten Eisenhofer , Konrad Rieck

It is commonplace to produce application-specific models by fine-tuning large pre-trained models using a small bespoke dataset. The widespread availability of foundation model checkpoints on the web poses considerable risks, including the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yuxin Wen , Leo Marchyok , Sanghyun Hong , Jonas Geiping , Tom Goldstein , Nicholas Carlini

With the broad application of deep neural networks (DNNs), backdoor attacks have gradually attracted attention. Backdoor attacks are insidious, and poisoned models perform well on benign samples and are only triggered when given specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Chang Yue , Peizhuo Lv , Ruigang Liang , Kai Chen

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been widely and successfully adopted and deployed in various applications of speech recognition. Recently, a few works revealed that these models are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where the adversaries can…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Hanbo Cai , Pengcheng Zhang , Hai Dong , Yan Xiao , Stefanos Koffas , Yiming Li

Backdoor attacks are rapidly emerging threats to deep neural networks (DNNs). In the backdoor attack scenario, attackers usually implant the backdoor into the target model by manipulating the training dataset or training process. Then, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Nan Zhong , Zhenxing Qian , Xinpeng Zhang

Recent studies have demonstrated the susceptibility of deep neural networks to backdoor attacks. Given a backdoored model, its prediction of a poisoned sample with trigger will be dominated by the trigger information, though trigger…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Mingli Zhu , Shaokui Wei , Hongyuan Zha , Baoyuan Wu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have gain its popularity in various scenarios in recent years. However, its excellent ability of fitting complex functions also makes it vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Specifically, a backdoor can remain hidden…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Xinrui Liu , Yu-an Tan , Yajie Wang , Kefan Qiu , Yuanzhang Li

Given the computational cost and technical expertise required to train machine learning models, users may delegate the task of learning to a service provider. We show how a malicious learner can plant an undetectable backdoor into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Shafi Goldwasser , Michael P. Kim , Vinod Vaikuntanathan , Or Zamir

Backdoor attacks inject poisoning samples during training, with the goal of forcing a machine learning model to output an attacker-chosen class when presented a specific trigger at test time. Although backdoor attacks have been demonstrated…

Machine unlearning has emerged as a key component in ensuring ``Right to be Forgotten'', enabling the removal of specific data points from trained models. However, even when the unlearning is performed without poisoning the forget-set…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Marco Arazzi , Antonino Nocera , Vinod P

Machine Learning using neural networks has received prominent attention recently because of its success in solving a wide variety of computational tasks, in particular in the field of computer vision. However, several works have drawn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-01 C. A. Martínez-Mejía , J. Solano , J. Breier , D. Bucko , X. Hou

Data-poisoning backdoor attacks are serious security threats to machine learning models, where an adversary can manipulate the training dataset to inject backdoors into models. In this paper, we focus on in-training backdoor defense, aiming…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Shaokui Wei , Hongyuan Zha , Baoyuan Wu

Backdoor attacks on deep neural networks have emerged as significant security threats, especially as DNNs are increasingly deployed in security-critical applications. However, most existing works assume that the attacker has access to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Jiahao Wang , Xianglong Zhang , Xiuzhen Cheng , Pengfei Hu , Guoming Zhang

This paper studies, for the first time, the trajectory planning problem in adversarial environments, where the objective is to design the trajectory of a robot to reach a desired final state despite the unknown and arbitrary action of an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-25 Yin-Chen Liu , Gianluca Bianchin , Fabio Pasqualetti

Deep neural networks are susceptible to backdoor attacks, where adversaries manipulate model predictions by inserting malicious samples into the training data. Currently, there is still a significant challenge in identifying suspicious…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Wei Li , Pin-Yu Chen , Sijia Liu , Ren Wang

Reusing off-the-shelf code snippets from online repositories is a common practice, which significantly enhances the productivity of software developers. To find desired code snippets, developers resort to code search engines through natural…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Weisong Sun , Yuchen Chen , Guanhong Tao , Chunrong Fang , Xiangyu Zhang , Quanjun Zhang , Bin Luo

Backdoor data poisoning, inserted within instruction examples used to fine-tune a foundation Large Language Model (LLM) for downstream tasks (\textit{e.g.,} sentiment prediction), is a serious security concern due to the evasive nature of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Jayaram Raghuram , George Kesidis , David J. Miller