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We propose an automata-theoretic approach for reinforcement learning (RL) under complex spatio-temporal constraints with time windows. The problem is formulated using a Markov decision process under a bounded temporal logic constraint.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Xiaoshan Lin , Abbasali Koochakzadeh , Yasin Yazicioglu , Derya Aksaray

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown great effectiveness in quadrotor control, enabling specialized policies to develop even human-champion-level performance in single-task scenarios. However, these specialized policies often struggle with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Jiaxu Xing , Ismail Geles , Yunlong Song , Elie Aljalbout , Davide Scaramuzza

The primary goal of reinforcement learning is to develop decision-making policies that prioritize optimal performance, frequently without considering safety. In contrast, safe reinforcement learning seeks to reduce or avoid unsafe behavior.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Zahra Shahrooei , Ali Baheri

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a powerful method for controlling dynamic systems, but its learning mechanism can lead to unpredictable actions that undermine the safety of critical systems. Here, we propose RL with Adaptive Regularization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Haozhe Tian , Homayoun Hamedmoghadam , Robert Shorten , Pietro Ferraro

This paper proposes an on-policy reinforcement learning (RL) control algorithm that solves the optimal regulation problem for a class of uncertain continuous-time nonlinear systems under user-defined state constraints. We formulate the safe…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-20 Soutrik Bandyopadhyay , Shubhendu Bhasin

While safe reinforcement learning (RL) holds great promise for many practical applications like robotics or autonomous cars, current approaches require specifying constraints in mathematical form. Such specifications demand domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Tsung-Yen Yang , Michael Hu , Yinlam Chow , Peter J. Ramadge , Karthik Narasimhan

Reinforcement learning (RL) in autonomous driving employs a trial-and-error mechanism, enhancing robustness in unpredictable environments. However, crafting effective reward functions remains challenging, as conventional approaches rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yongming Chen , Miner Chen , Liewen Liao , Mingyang Jiang , Xiang Zuo , Hengrui Zhang , Yuchen Xi , Songan Zhang

Emerging vehicular systems with increasing proportions of automated components present opportunities for optimal control to mitigate congestion and increase efficiency. There has been a recent interest in applying deep reinforcement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Zhongxia Yan , Abdul Rahman Kreidieh , Eugene Vinitsky , Alexandre M. Bayen , Cathy Wu

Safety stands as the primary obstacle preventing the widespread adoption of learning-based robotic systems in our daily lives. While reinforcement learning (RL) shows promise as an effective robot learning paradigm, conventional RL…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Maeva Guerrier , Karthik Soma , Hassan Fouad , Giovanni Beltrame

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been shown to be effective in many scenarios. However, it typically requires the exploration of a sufficiently large number of state-action pairs, some of which may be unsafe. Consequently, its application to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-24 Yousef Emam , Gennaro Notomista , Paul Glotfelter , Zsolt Kira , Magnus Egerstedt

Reinforcement Learning (RL) for control has become increasingly popular due to its ability to learn rich feedback policies that take into account uncertainty and complex representations of the environment. When considering safety…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Sean Vaskov , Wilko Schwarting , Chris L. Baker

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated impressive performance in legged locomotion over various challenging environments. However, due to the sim-to-real gap and lack of explainability, unconstrained RL policies deployed in the real…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Haoyu Wang , Ruyi Zhou , Liang Ding , Tie Liu , Zhelin Zhang , Peng Xu , Haibo Gao , Zongquan Deng

This paper proposes a safe reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm that approximately solves the state-constrained optimal control problem for continuous-time uncertain nonlinear systems. We formulate the safe RL problem as the minimization…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-26 Soutrik Bandyopadhyay , Shubhendu Bhasin

Recent reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have demonstrated impressive results in simulated driving environments. However, autonomous vehicles trained in simulation often struggle to work well in the real world due to the fidelity gap…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Sang-Hyun Lee , Daehyeok Kwon , Seung-Woo Seo

During initial iterations of training in most Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms, agents perform a significant number of random exploratory steps. In the real world, this can limit the practicality of these algorithms as it can lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Ashish Kumar Jayant , Shalabh Bhatnagar

Developing decision-making algorithms for highly automated driving systems remains challenging, since these systems have to operate safely in an open and complex environments. Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches can learn comprehensive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-01 M. Youssef Abdelhamid , Lennart Vater , Zlatan Ajanovic

We study a class of constrained reinforcement learning (RL) problems in which multiple constraint specifications are not identified before training. It is challenging to identify appropriate constraint specifications due to the undefined…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-02 Dongsheng Ding , Zhengyan Huan , Alejandro Ribeiro

Existing data-driven and feedback traffic control strategies do not consider the heterogeneity of real-time data measurements. Besides, traditional reinforcement learning (RL) methods for traffic control usually converge slowly for lacking…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-14 C. Chen , Y. P. Huang , W. H. K. Lam , T. L. Pan , S. C. Hsu , A. Sumalee , R. X. Zhong

In multi-agent safety-critical scenarios, traditional autonomous driving frameworks face significant challenges in balancing safety constraints and task performance. These frameworks struggle to quantify dynamic interaction risks in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Kaifeng Wang , Yinsong Chen , Qi Liu , Xueyuan Li , Xin Gao

Despite the many recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL), the question of learning policies that robustly satisfy state constraints under unknown disturbances remains open. In this paper, we offer a new perspective on achieving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Pierre-François Massiani , Alexander von Rohr , Lukas Haverbeck , Sebastian Trimpe