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Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge or mobile devices offers significant benefits, such as enhanced data privacy and real-time processing capabilities. However, it also faces critical challenges due to the substantial memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yu Mao , Weilan Wang , Hongchao Du , Nan Guan , Chun Jason Xue

Knowledge distillation is an effective method for training small and efficient deep learning models. However, the efficacy of a single method can degenerate when transferring to other tasks, modalities, or even other architectures. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Roy Miles , Ismail Elezi , Jiankang Deng

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) is often constrained by the computational costs of processing massive datasets. We propose \textbf{QLESS} (Quantized Low-rank Gradient Similarity Search), which integrates gradient quantization with…

Small Language Models (SLMs) are becoming increasingly popular in specialized fields, such as industrial applications, due to their efficiency, lower computational requirements, and ability to be fine-tuned for domain-specific tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Shuxin Lin , Dhaval Patel , Christodoulos Constantinides

LLMs are seeing growing use for applications which require large context windows, and with these large context windows KV cache activations surface as the dominant contributor to memory consumption during inference. Quantization is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Coleman Hooper , Sehoon Kim , Hiva Mohammadzadeh , Michael W. Mahoney , Yakun Sophia Shao , Kurt Keutzer , Amir Gholami

Knowledge Distillation (KD) is a commonly used technique for improving the generalization of compact Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) on downstream tasks. However, such methods impose the additional burden of training a separate teacher…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Peng Lu , Ivan Kobyzev , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Ahmad Rashid , Ali Ghodsi , Philippe Langlais

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant deployment challenges due to their substantial memory requirements and the computational demands of auto-regressive text generation process. This paper addresses these challenges by focusing on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Yuxuan Yue , Zhihang Yuan , Haojie Duanmu , Sifan Zhou , Jianlong Wu , Liqiang Nie

Auto-regressive Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong performance on coding tasks, but incur high memory and inference costs. Diffusion-based language models (d-LLMs) offer bounded inference cost via iterative denoising, but their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Aarav Gupta , Gururaj Deshpande , Chandreyi Chakraborty

The practical deployment of diffusion models is still hindered by the high memory and computational overhead. Although quantization paves a way for model compression and acceleration, existing methods face challenges in achieving low-bit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Haoxuan Wang , Yuzhang Shang , Zhihang Yuan , Junyi Wu , Junchi Yan , Yan Yan

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, but they are hindered by high computational costs and memory requirements. Ternarization, an extreme form of quantization, offers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Tianqi Chen , Zhe Li , Weixiang Xu , Zeyu Zhu , Dong Li , Lu Tian , Emad Barsoum , Peisong Wang , Jian Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated strong potential for cybersecurity question answering (QA), supporting decision-making in real-time threat detection and response workflows. However, their substantial computational…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Onat Gungor , Roshan Sood , Harold Wang , Tajana Rosing

We address the challenge of producing trustworthy and accurate compact models for edge devices. While Knowledge Distillation (KD) has improved model compression in terms of achieving high accuracy performance, calibration of these compact…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Ibtihel Amara , Nazanin Sepahvand , Brett H. Meyer , Warren J. Gross , James J. Clark

The deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in customer support is constrained by hallucination (generating false information) and the high cost of proprietary models. To address these challenges, we propose a retrieval-augmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Ashley Lewis , Michael White , Jing Liu , Toshiaki Koike-Akino , Kieran Parsons , Ye Wang

Knowledge distillation (KD) has become a prevalent technique for compressing large language models (LLMs). Existing KD methods are constrained by the need for identical tokenizers (i.e., vocabularies) between teacher and student models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Xiao Cui , Mo Zhu , Yulei Qin , Liang Xie , Wengang Zhou , Houqiang Li

We survey various knowledge distillation (KD) strategies for simple classification tasks and implement a set of techniques that claim state-of-the-art accuracy. Our experiments using standardized model architectures, fixed compute budgets,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Fabian Ruffy , Karanbir Chahal

Knowledge distillation from Large Language Models (LLMs) to smaller models has emerged as a critical technique for deploying efficient AI systems. However, current methods for distillation via synthetic data lack pedagogical awareness,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Bowei He , Yankai Chen , Xiaokun Zhang , Linghe Kong , Philip S. Yu , Xue Liu , Chen Ma

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a common approach to compress a teacher model to reduce its inference cost and memory footprint, by training a smaller student model. However, in the context of autoregressive language models (LMs), we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Qihuang Zhong , Liang Ding , Li Shen , Juhua Liu , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a promising solution to compress large language models (LLMs) by transferring their knowledge to smaller models. During this process, white-box KD methods usually minimize the distance between the output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Xue Zhang , Songming Zhang , Yunlong Liang , Fandong Meng , Yufeng Chen , Jinan Xu , Jie Zhou

The emergence of billion-parameter diffusion models such as Stable Diffusion XL, Imagen, and DALL-E 3 has significantly propelled the domain of generative AI. However, their large-scale architecture presents challenges in fine-tuning and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Hyogon Ryu , Seohyun Lim , Hyunjung Shim

Multi-microphone speech enhancement using deep neural networks (DNNs) has significantly progressed in recent years. However, many proposed DNN-based speech enhancement algorithms cannot be implemented on devices with limited hardware…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-28 Robert Metzger , Mattes Ohlenbusch , Christian Rollwage , Simon Doclo