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In this study, we present an immuno-epidemic model to understand mitigation options during an epidemic break. The model incorporates comorbidity and multiple-vaccine doses through a system of coupled integro-differential equations to…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-28 Samiran Ghosh , Malay Banerjee , Amit K Chattopadhyay

The understanding of the public response to COVID-19 vaccines is the key success factor to control the COVID-19 pandemic. To understand the public response, there is a need to explore public opinion. Traditional surveys are expensive and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Amir Karami , Michael Zhu , Bailey Goldschmidt , Hannah R. Boyajieff , Mahdi M. Najafabadi

We use data from 107 Italian provinces to characterize and compare mortality patterns in the first two COVID-19 epidemic waves, which occurred prior to the introduction of vaccines. We also associate these patterns with mobility, timing of…

Applications · Statistics 2026-01-07 Tobia Boschi , Jacopo Di Iorio , Lorenzo Testa , Marzia A. Cremona , Francesca Chiaromonte

Opposition to vaccination has long been a non-negligible public health phenomenon resulted from people's varied perceptions toward vaccination (e.g., vaccine-phobia). This paper investigates the voluntary vaccination behavior of a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-09-04 Liqun Lu , Yanfeng Ouyang

Stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trials are typically analyzed using models that assume the full effect of the treatment is achieved instantaneously. We provide an analytical framework for scenarios in which the treatment effect…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-25 Avi Kenny , Emily Voldal , Fan Xia , Patrick J. Heagerty , James P. Hughes

We estimate patterns of covariation between COVID-19 vaccination rates and a set of widely used indicators of human, social, and economic capital across 146 countries in July 2021 and February 2022. About 70% of the variability in COVID-19…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-03-02 Cosima Rughinis , Simona-Nicoleta Vulpe , Michael G. Flaherty , Sorina Vasile

One of the most important tools available to limit the spread and impact of infectious diseases is vaccination. It is therefore important to understand what factors determine people's vaccination decisions. To this end, previous behavioural…

Randomized experimentation (also known as A/B testing or bucket testing) is widely used in the internet industry to measure the metric impact obtained by different treatment variants. A/B tests identify the treatment variant showing the…

In many medical and business applications, researchers are interested in estimating individualized treatment effects using data from a randomized experiment. For example in medical applications, doctors learn the treatment effects from…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-01 Kevin Wu Han , Han Wu

We describe methods that extend (generalize or transport) causal inferences from cluster randomized trials to a target population of clusters, under a general nonparametric model that allows for arbitrary within-cluster dependence. We…

We propose a method to measure the effectiveness of the recruitment and turnover of professors, in terms of their research performance. The method presented is applied to the case of Italian universities over the period 2008-2012. The work…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Giovanni Abramo , Ciriaco Andrea D'Angelo , Francesco Rosati

Previous studies have highlighted the importance of vaccination as an effective strategy to control the transmission of the COVID-19 virus. It is crucial for policymakers to have a comprehensive understanding of the public's stance towards…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Yida Mu , Mali Jin , Kalina Bontcheva , Xingyi Song

When estimating treatment effects, the golden standard is to conduct a randomized experiment and then contrast outcomes associated with the treatment group and the control group. However, in many cases, randomized experiments are either…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-08 Kevin Han

This work consists of an epidemic model with vaccination coupled with an opinion dynamics. Our objective was to study how disease risk perception can influence opinions about vaccination and therefore the spreading of the disease.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-11-20 Marcelo A. Pires , André L. Oestereich , Nuno Crokidakis

The waning of immunity after recovery or vaccination is a major factor accounting for the severity and prolonged duration of an array of epidemics, ranging from COVID-19 to diphtheria and pertussis. To study the effectiveness of different…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-02-01 Shoshana Elgart

Background: Network-based interventions are most powerful against epidemics when the full network structure is known. However, resource constraints often require decisions based on partial network data. We investigated how the effectiveness…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2018-03-30 Yingrui Yang , Ashley McKhann , Guy Harling , Jukka-Pekka Onnela

By the end of 2020, a year since the first cases of infection by the Covid-19 virus have been reported, there is a light at the end of the tunnel. Several pharmaceutical companies made significant progress in developing effective vaccines…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-08-04 Hilla De-Leon , Francesco Pederiva

There are several reasons why the fear of vaccination has caused population rejection. Questions have been raised by students regarding the effectiveness of vaccines, which in turn has led to vaccination hesitancy. Students perceptions are…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Ashraf Elnagar , Imad Afyouni , Ismail Shahin , Ali Bou Nassif , Said A. Salloum

Several recently developed methods have the potential to harness machine learning in the pursuit of target quantities inspired by causal inference, including inverse weighting, doubly robust estimating equations and substitution estimators…

Estimating heterogeneous treatment effects with machine learning has attracted substantial attention in both academic research and industrial practice. However, the two communities often evaluate models under markedly different conditions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 George Panagopoulos